All
At 20 ft you see what most people can see at 60 ft
20/60 vision
Eyes do not properly align/converge
Children - loss of depth perception
Adults - double vision
Strabismus
s/s: squinting, eye strain, headaches
Myopia
Cornea irregularly shaped; causes blurred vision; affects near and far vision
Astigmatism
Most have already or will develop cataracts; color vision declines; visual field narrows
70-80's
"Farsighted"; can see distant objects clearly; objects nearby may be blurry; usually is present at birth; tends to run in families
Hyperopia
Can track from side to midline and from midline to side - may be able to track all the way across ; acuity: 20/150
Month 2
Able to track an object 180 degrees (across midline); regards hands in midline; increasing distance able to see; acuity: 20/60
Month 3
20/200
Presbyopia; dry eye; computer vision syndrome
40's
legal blindness is defined as being best corrected to
>20/200
s/s: nearby objects may appear blurry; squint to see clearly; eyestrain, including burning eyes, and aching in or around the eyes; general eye discomfort or headache after prolonged interval close tasks, such as reading, writing, computer work or drawing.
Hyperopia
Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard; 20/20 vision
Acuity
"Nearsightedness"; most common cause of impaired vision in people under age 40; typically begins in childhood; higher risk if parents are nearsighted; most cases stabilizes in early adulthood; difficulty seeing difficulties
Myopia
Presbyopia advancing; risk increases for cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration; menopause increases dry eye
50's
Attend to black and white and contrasting patterns; not interested in toys; see best at 8-9"; better lateral vision than midline; able to determine mother by 4 days
Birth-10 days vision
Driving limits in the state of Florida
20/70
Eyes more accurate than extremities; can track an object or face from side to midline; cannot maintain midline visual attention; acuity: 20/800 to 20/200
Month 1 vision
Depth perception; decreasing color preference (begins as black/white/red); acuity: 20/20
Month 6
Increased risk for the above; low light vision decreases; spots and floaters; delayed dark adaptation
60's
What disease could be occurring if patient is no longer seeing people's faces or they are seeing black spots/floaters?
Macular degeneration
Age related changes are neural versus optic; decreased visual acuity (need increased light source); light should focus directly on task (not overhead lighting, wall mounted fixtures, floor lamps); typical light bulb is 100 watts; just move the lamp; red lights for dark adaptation
Illumination
First comprehensive eye exam in children
6 months
Follow up - age 3
Just before entering first grade - 5 or 6 yo
School aged children - every 2 years if no correction required
Yearly if correction required
How often are adults eye exams?
Annual or biannual