Picture Perfect
Picture #1
Cholelithiasis
The normal wall thickness should not be more than what?
3 MM
This is the formation of calcium stones in the bile duct.
Choledocholithiasis
This is an inflammation of the gallbladder that may have one of several forms: acute or chronic, acalculous, emphysematous, or gangrenous
Cholecystitis
The gallbladder serves as what for bile?
Reservoir for bile
Picture #2
Porcelain Gallbladder
The normal gallbladder width should not measure more than what?
4 CM
Name a type of mass in the head of the pancreas or at porta-hepatis that can cause biliary dilation.
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Lymph Node
Hemangioma
This is the acute inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of cholelithiasis.
Acalculous Cholecystitis
What are small, well-defined soft-tissue projections connected by the stalk to the gallbladder wall.
Polyp! Normally less than 10 mm in diameter
Picture #3
Hemobilia: Main cause of hemobilia is biliary trauma secondary to percutaneous biliary procedures or liver biopsies.
The normal longitudinal measurement of the gallbladder is what?
10 CM
This is known as inflammation of the bile duct system usually related to a bacterial infection.
Cholangitis
This pathology of the gallblader is known as air within the biliary tree, secondary to biliary intervention, biliary-enteric anastomoses, or common bile duct stents
Pneumobilia
The end parts of both ducts (the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct) and the ampulla are surrounded by circular muscle fibers known as what?
Hint: Guarded by _____________
sphincter of Oddi
Picture #4
Adenomyomatosis: Papillomas (adenomyomas) may occur singly or in groups and may be scattered over a large part of the mucosal surface of the gallbladder (comet-tail artifact).
The common hepatic duct has an internal diameter less than what?
4 MM
This is a specific type of cholangio-carcinoma that can occur at the bifurcation of the common hepatic duct, with involvement of both the central left and right ducts
Klatskin Tumor
This occurs after a prolonged infection, which causes the gallbladder to undergo necrosis
Gangrenous Cholecystitis
This is described as a contracted bright gallbladder with posterior shadowing caused by a packed bag of stones.
WES sign
Picture #5
Klatskin Tumor
The common bile duct is considered dilated if it is greater than what?
6 MM
This is an uncommon cause for extrahepatic biliary obstruction as a result of an impacted stone in the cystic duct, which creates extrinsic mechanical compression of the common hepatic duct.
Mirizzi Syndrome
This is a rare complication of acute cholecystitis and associated with the presence of gas-forming bacteria (clostridium, E coli) in the gallbladder wall and lumen with extension into the biliary ducts.
Emphysematous Cholecystitis
The gallbladder contracts in the presence of what, which is secreted in response to fat in the duodenum.
CCK (cholecystokinin)