Pharmacology
Which medication is commonly associated with the side effect of a dry cough?
A. ACE inhibitors
B. Beta blockers
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Diuretics
A. ACE inhibitors
What does the "P" wave represent on an ECG?
A. Ventricular depolarization
B. Atrial depolarization
C. Ventricular repolarization
D. Atrial repolarization
B. Atrial depolarization
1. Which of the following is considered a normal age-related change?
A. Significant memory loss that interferes with daily activities
B. Decreased skin elasticity
C. New onset confusion
D. Loss of ability to perform all activities of daily living
Answer: B. Decreased skin elasticity
Where does gas exchange primarily occur in the lungs?
A. Bronchi
B. Bronchioles
C. Alveoli
D. Trachea
C. Alveoli
A patient suddenly becomes unresponsive and is not breathing. What should the nurse do first?
A. Obtain a blood pressure
B. Check for a pulse
C. Give oxygen via nasal cannula
D. Perform hand hygiene
Answer: B. Check for a pulse.
Which medication class is commonly referred to as "water pills"?
A. Anticoagulants
B. Diuretics
C. Beta blockers
D. Anticholinergics
Answer: B. Diuretics
Which rhythm is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm?
A. Sinus bradycardia
B. Atrial fibrillation
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. First-degree AV block
Atrial fibrillation
Why are older adults often more vulnerable to medication adverse effects?
A. They metabolize medications faster
B. Their kidneys no longer function normally
C. They require higher medication doses
D. Age-related changes can affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Answer: D. Age-related changes can affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Which phase of wound healing involves the formation of new tissue and blood vessels?
A. Hemostasis
B. Inflammatory
C. Proliferative
D. Maturation
Answer: C. Proliferative
A patient receiving a blood transfusion develops chills, fever, and back pain. What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Slow the transfusion
B. Inform the physician
C. Give acetaminophen
D. Stop the transfusion
Stop the transfusion
Which medication is an anticoagulant?
A. Warfarin
B. Acetaminophen
C. Furosemide
D. Salbutamol
Answer: A. Warfin
What is the normal electrical pacemaker of the heart?
A. AV node
B. SA node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
Answer: B. SA node
An 82-year-old patient who is normally alert suddenly becomes confused overnight. What is the nurse's priority?
A. Understand the patient is developing dementia
B. Assess for possible causes of acute confusion
C. Increase fluid intake
D. Administer antibitics for UTI
Answer: B. Assess for possible causes of acute confusion
How many lobes does the right lung have?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: C. 3
Which patient should the nurse assess FIRST?
A. A patient reporting pain of 7/10
B. A patient who is best friends with the nurse manager
C. A patient with new-onset difficulty breathing
D. A patient asking when their next medication is due
C. A patient with new-onset difficulty breathing
Which medication is commonly used as a rescue inhaler for acute bronchospasm?
A. Salbutamol
B. Salmeterol
C. Digoxin
D. Furosemide
Answer: A. Salbutamol
A nurse receives report on four patients. Which patient should the nurse assess first?
A. A patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 91% on 2 L/min O₂
B. A patient 1 day post-op reporting pain of 7/10
C. A patient with diabetes who is diaphoretic, confused, and shaky
D. A patient with pneumonia who has a temperature of 38.2°C
Answer: C. A patient with diabetes who is diaphoretic, confused, and shaky. These are classic signs of hypoglycemia, which can rapidly become life-threatening. Treat immediately.
Which type of dementia is associated with visual hallucinations and fluctuations in cognition?
A. Lewy body dementia
B. Vascular dementia
C. Alzheimer's disease
D. Frontotemporal dementia
Answer: A. Lewy body dementia
Which cranial nerve is the nurse assessing when asking a patient to puff out their cheeks?
A. Cranial Nerve V
B. Cranial Nerve VII
C. Cranial Nerve IX
D. Cranial Nerve XII
Answer: B. Cranial Nerve VII — Facial nerve
What is the correct order of the nursing process?
A. Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, Evaluate
B. Assess, Discuss, Plan, Evaluate, Implement
C. Assess patient, Implement solutions, Diagnose the problem, Explore solutions
D. Assess, Plan, Diagnose, Implement, Explore
Answer: A. Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, Evaluate
A 67-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital. The patient weighs 74 kg and their blood pressure is 108/68 mmHg. The healthcare provider prescribes 1,000 mL of 0.9% NS IV over 8 hours. The IV tubing has a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL. What should the nurse set the IV pump at?
A. 100 mL/hr
B. 115 mL/hr
C. 125 mL/hr
D. 150 mL/hr
C. 125 mL/hr
A 72-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes is brought to the emergency department with extreme thirst, frequent urination, and increasing confusion. Their blood glucose is 42 mmol/L. Laboratory results are pending.
Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
D. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
C. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
Presbycusis refers to:
A. Age-related vision loss
B. Age-related hearing loss
C. Age-related memory loss
D. Age-related loss of taste
Answer: B. Age-related hearing loss
A nursing student is reviewing the anatomy of the nephron. Which structure is primarily responsible for filtering blood and forming the initial filtrate that enters the nephron?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Glomerulus
C. Collecting duct
D. Distal convoluted tubule
Answer: B. Glomerulus
A patient is prescribed digoxin. Before administering the medication, the nurse assesses an apical pulse of 52 beats/min. What should the nurse do?
A. Administer the medication and reassess in 30 minutes
B. Hold the medication and notify the healthcare provider
C. Administer half the prescribed dose
D. Give the medication with food
Answer: B. Hold the medication and notify the healthcare provider