avoidance of, or feelings of disgust toward, a particular food that results from classical conditioning in which a person or animal became sick after eating that type of food
What is taste aversion
100
the process of getting information out of memory storage
What is retrieval
100
our tendency to recall best the last (recency effect) and first (primacy effect) items in a list
What is serial position effect
100
when misleading information has corrupted one’s memory of an event
What is misinformation effect
100
the initial stage of classical conditioning, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response
What is acquisition
200
a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
What is extrinsic motivation
200
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
What is sensory memory
200
the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
What is priming
200
attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined
What is source amnesia (also called source misattribution)
200
an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
What is shaping
300
a mental representation of the layout of one’s environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it
What is cognitive map
300
a newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
What is working memory
300
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
What is flashbulb memory
300
the backward-acting disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
What is retroactive interference
300
an unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
What is automatic processing
400
frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. These unique neurons may enable imitation and empathy
What are mirror neurons
400
the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions
What is parallel processing
400
the neural storage of a long-term memory
What is memory consolidation
400
an inability to form new memories
What is anterograde amnesia
400
a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
What is hippocampus
500
This psychologist is known for his pioneering research on observational learning, including the famous Bobo doll experiment
Who is Albert Bandura
500
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
What is echoic memory
500
an increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
What is long term potentiation (LTP)
500
a process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again
What is reconsolidation
500
explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of our two conscious memory systems