Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 8 contd
Chapter 9
Ch 9/Ch 10
100
What is respiration?
breaking down molecules to make energy
100
Where in the plant does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplasts...thylakoids
100
What is a photosystem (in general)
cluster of pigments on the thylakoid membrane
100
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA --> RNA --> Proteins
100
Know the 3 sites of the ribosome and what happens in each
A site = where mRNA enters ribosome P site = where polypeptide is elongated E site = where polypeptide exits
200
What is the end product of glycolysis?
pyruvate
200
Where do light reactions occur?
thylakoid membrane
200
When protons accumulate on one side of a membrane and then the gradient is used to make ATP, this is called....
chemiosmosis
200
Where does RNA polymerase bind the mRNA?
at the promoter
200
What is the difference between a frameshift and a substitution mutation
frameshift - reading frame is shifted substitution - one nucleotide substituted for another
300
hydrogen atoms generated by glycolysis are normally donated to oxygen in aerobic respiration to make water. in anaerobic respiration, hydrogen atoms are donated to organic molecules in a process called...
fermentation
300
Where do dark reactions occur? Who are the dark reactions named after?
stroma, calvin
300
Where do the oxygen atoms come from that are produced by plants?
water
300
How many types of RNA polymerase do eukaryotes have?
3
300
How do regulatory proteins bind to the DNA to alter transcription
to the major groove
400
electron carriers produced in the kreb's cycle?
FADH2 and NADH
400
how many turns of the calvin cycle are needed to make 1 glucose
6
400
Where do the electrons come from that excite the pigments in the photosystems
water
400
How are introns spliced? How are the splice sites recognized?
spliceosome....snRNAs recognize intron/exon junctions
400
What does DNA methylation tell you about the activity of the genes
methylated = inactive
500
Intermediate in glycolysis which is finally oxidized to pyruvate
G3P
500
What are the products of the light reactions?
ATP & NADPH
500
What is the 5 carbon sugar phosphate to which CO2 is added?
RuBP
500
What are 3 key posttranslational modifications?
5' cap....poly-A tail...intron removal
500
What does miRNA do?
interferes with translation of mRNA
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