Oncology
This scoring system classifies laboratory criteria for tumor lysis syndrome, including uric acid ≥8 mg/dL, potassium ≥6 mEq/L, phosphorus ≥4.5 mg/dL, and calcium ≤7 mg/dL.
What is the Cairo-Bishop Criteria?
In SLE, this antibody titer rises with disease flares and is particularly associated with renal involvement and lupus nephritis activity.
What is anti-dsDNA?
Starting an ACE inhibitor in bilateral renal artery stenosis precipitates AKI by dilating this glomerular arteriole, dropping intraglomerular filtration pressure.
What is the efferent arteriole?
An ICU patient with sepsis is on FiO₂ 0.7 and PEEP 10, with a PaO₂ of 72 mmHg. Based on the Berlin Definition, this patient falls into which ARDS severity category?
What is moderate ARDS? (P/F = 103; moderate = P/F 100–200)
Biphasic or deeply inverted symmetric T waves in V2–V3 with recent chest pain, normal troponin, and no Q waves indicate critical proximal LAD stenosis and are a contraindication to stress testing. This is the name of the pattern.
What is Wellens' syndrome?
A young man with a large retroperitoneal midline mass, elevated AFP and β-hCG, and a poorly differentiated carcinoma — regardless of a normal testicular ultrasound — should be treated as having this diagnosis per NCCN guidelines.
What is an extragonadal germ cell tumor (GCT)?
This injectable biologic — the first FDA-approved therapy specifically for giant cell arteritis — reduces relapse rates and glucocorticoid burden per the GiACTA trial.
What is tocilizumab?
Accept: Actemra
In a non-anion-gap metabolic acidosis, a positive urine anion gap (Na + K < Cl in urine) implicates this renal cause rather than GI bicarbonate loss from diarrhea.
What is renal tubular acidosis (RTA)?
Per the Fleischner Society 2017 guidelines, a low-risk patient (never-smoker, no malignancy risk factors) with a 7-mm solid pulmonary nodule should have follow-up CT imaging at this interval.
What is 6–12 months?
If stable, then consider repeat at 18–24 months
For patients presenting directly to a PCI-capable hospital with STEMI, this is the guideline-recommended first medical contact-to-device time goal.
What is ≤90 minutes?
The eponym for the hypercoagulable state associated with malignancy — manifesting as migratory thrombophlebitis, DVT, PE, or arterial thromboembolism — is named for this 19th-century French physician.
What is Trousseau syndrome?
In patients with severe tophaceous gout who have failed or cannot tolerate xanthine oxidase inhibitors, this IV infusion — given every 2 weeks — is the treatment of last resort.
What is pegloticase?
Accept: Krystexxa
AKI with sterile pyuria, eosinophiluria, fever, and rash appearing days to weeks after starting a PPI or NSAID suggests this diagnosis.
What is acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)?
In a critically ill patient with calcium channel blocker overdose (e.g., verapamil), this therapy — titrated to ionized calcium approximately twice the normal level — is an important initial pharmacologic intervention.
What is IV calcium?
Accept: calcium gluconate, calcium chloride
In hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, this bedside maneuver — which reduces LV preload and cavity size — worsens LVOT obstruction and increases the intensity of the systolic murmur.
What is the Valsalva maneuver?
Also accept: standing abruptly from squatting
In a hemodynamically stable patient with SCLC and SVC syndrome, obtaining this before initiating treatment is the most important next step.
What is tissue diagnosis (biopsy)?
In antisynthetase syndrome, this bilateral hyperkeratotic cracking and fissuring along the lateral and palmar aspects of the fingers, resembling the hands of a manual laborer, is the hallmark physical exam finding.
What are mechanic's hands?
This pattern of nephrotic syndrome — common in patients of African ancestry, linked to HIV infection, and associated with APOL1 risk alleles — shows segmental glomerular scarring on biopsy.
What is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?
A 72-year-old former smoker with bilateral basal Velcro crackles, digital clubbing, FVC 68% predicted, and bilateral basal subpleural honeycombing with traction bronchiectasis on HRCT — what is the most likely diagnosis?
What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?
In acute type A aortic dissection, the hemodynamic targets are heart rate below 60 bpm and a systolic BP at or below this value — achieved within 20 minutes, using IV beta-blockade before any vasodilator.
What is systolic BP ≤120 mmHg?
For febrile neutropenia (ANC <500) without localizing infection, empiric therapy with this antibiotic class should be given within 1 hour.
What is an antipseudomonal beta-lactam?
Accept: cefepime, meropenem, pip-tazo, imipenem-cilastatin
Vancomycin is NOT part of standard initial therapy
In the most destructive phenotype of psoriatic arthritis, progressive osteolysis causes telescoping of the digits and a 'pencil-in-cup' radiographic deformity — referred to by this Latin term.
What is arthritis mutilans?
Palpable purpura, arthralgias, a low C4, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a patient with hepatitis C point to this condition.
What is (mixed) cryoglobulinemia?
Per the 2017 AATS Consensus Guidelines, a pleural fluid pH below this value — in the absence of frank pus — is the most accurate biochemical predictor requiring chest tube drainage in a parapneumonic effusion.
What is pH < 7.2?
Patients with an On-X mechanical aortic valve, more than 3 months post-implantation, without additional risk factors may be maintained at this lower INR target plus low-dose aspirin — supported by the PROACT trial.
What is INR 1.5–2.0?