Industry & Big Business SSUSH 11
The growth of this industry drove rapid expansion across the U.S., fueling major demand for the steel and oil industries.
What are Railroads?
Infrastructure achievement completed in 1869 that linked eastern markets to the Pacific coast, largely built using Irish and Chinese immigrant labor.
What is the Transcontinental RR?
Investigative writers and journalists who exposed corporate corruption, government abuses, and social problems to spur reform.
What are Muckrakers?
An 1898 war that resulted in the U.S. acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, marking America's emergence as a global empire.
What is the Spanish-American War?
Industrialist who established Standard Oil, built the company into a near-monopoly, and organized trusts to control refining.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
Western region transformed by barbed wire, mechanical reapers, and dry farming, which brought an end to the open range and disrupted native hunting grounds.
What are the Great Plains?
Muckraking novel written by Upton Sinclair that exposed unsanitary conditions in the Chicago meatpacking industry, leading to federal food safety laws.
What is The Jungle?
An addition to the Monroe Doctrine claiming the right of the United States to act as an "international police power" in Latin America.
What is the Roosevelt Corollary?
Steel tycoon who utilized vertical integration to dominate the industry and authored the "Gospel of Wealth."
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
Lakota Sioux chief and holy man who led resistance against U.S. military force on the Northern Plains, notably at Little Bighorn.
Who is Sitting Bull?
An 1896 Supreme Court decision that upheld state segregation laws under the doctrine of "separate but equal."
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
Engineering feat constructed under Theodore Roosevelt to dramatically shorten maritime travel times between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
What is the Panama Canal?
Primary processing station in New York Harbor for millions of Southern and Eastern European immigrants arriving in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
What is Ellis Island?
An 1890 confrontation in South Dakota where U.S. troops killed nearly 300 Lakota men, women, and children, effectively ending armed Plains Indian resistance.
What is the Wounded Knee Massacre?
Civil rights organization co-founded by W.E.B. Du Bois in 1909 to battle legal discrimination, Jim Crow laws, and racial violence.
What is the NAACP?
Sensationalized news reporting by publishers like Hearst and Pulitzer that stirred public outrage against Spain prior to 1898.
What is Yellow Journalism?
Labor organization founded by Samuel Gompers that focused on skilled workers and core goals such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.
What is the American Federation of Labor? (AFL)
An 1887 federal law that attempted to assimilate Native Americans by dividing communal tribal lands into individual family allotments.
What is the Dawes Act?
Reforms such as the initiative, referendum, and recall, which gave citizens greater political involvement and control over government decisions.
What are progressive voter empowerment reforms?
A brutal 1899–1902 conflict fought by the U.S. to suppress an independence movement led by Emilio Aguinaldo in a newly acquired Pacific territory.
What is the Philippine-American War?