Brain / otak
Sebutkan pembagian susunan saraf dengan lengkap ! Mention the divisions of the nervous system!
•Somatic ( Voluntary) Nervous System
•Autonomic ( Inovluntary) Nervous System
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•Central Nervous System (CNS) ; brain and medulla spinails
•Peripheral Nervous System (PNS ) ; cranial nerve and spinal nerve
Berapa jumlah saraf spinalis pada thoracal ?
12 saraf saraf torakal (T1-T12)
Area asosiasi di otak yang berperan dalam pengambilan keputusan (decision making). Association areas in the brain that play a role in decision making.
Area Asosiasi Prefrontal
Mengandung akson yang menghantarkan impuls penglihatan/It contains axons that conduct vision impulses
N. Opticus (N.II)
Sebutkan jenis sel neuroglia ! Name the types of neuroglial cells!
Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglial cells, Schwann cells, Ependymal cells
Lokasi persilangan tractus pyramidalis ! Location of the junction of the tractus pyramidalis!
Dekusasio piramidum
Area di otak yang diaktifkan oleh reward dan punishment ! Areas in the brain that are activated by reward and punishment!
Sebutkan 3 cabang nervus trigemus/Mention 3 branches of N. Trigemus
1.The ophthalmic nerve
2.The maxillary nerve
3. The mandibular nerve
Sebutkan area di otak yang berperan dalam persepsi sensasi ! Name the areas in the brain that play a role in the perception of sensations!
Lobus Parietalis
Sebutkan traktus decending pada medulla spinalis !
Name the descending tracts in the spinal cord!
Pyramidalis (corticospinal tracts, corticobulbar tract) and extrapyramidal tract (vestibulospinal tract, rubrospinal tract, reticulospinal tract, Tectospinal tract)
Area di otak yang terganggu jika seseorang mengalami motorik aphasia. Areas of the brain that are disturbed if someone experiences motor aphasia.
Sebutkan nervus yang membawakan jalur afferent dan efferent untuk refleks pupil direct!/Name the nerves that carry the afferent and efferent pathways for the direct pupillary reflex!
Afferent : N. Opticus (N.II)
Efferent : N. Occulomotoris (N.III)
Penyakit yang timbul akibat rendahnya produksi dopamin pada nukleus basalis. A disease that happens due to low dopamine production in the basal nucleus.
Parkinson
Traktus sensorik yang membawa nosiseptif, suhu, sentuhan kasar, dan tekanan dari kulit kita ke area somatosensori di talamus. Sensory tracts that carry nociception, temperature, rough touch, and pressure from our skin to the somatosensory areas of the thalamus.
Spinothalamic tract
Proses memindahkan memori jangka pendek ke dalam simpanan memori jangka panjang disebut apa ? The process of transferring and fixing short-term memory traces into long-term memory stores is known as what?
Konsolidasi
Sebutkan neurotransmitter yang terletak pada pre dan post ganglionik serabut saraf simpatis dan parasimpatis!/List the neurotransmitters found in the pre- and postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems!
Preganglionik (keduanya sama): Asetilkolin (ACh)
Post ganglionik simpatis :Norepinefrin (NE)
Post ganglionik parasimpatis : Asetilkolin (ACh)