COPD
COPD results in the poor removal of what gas?
Carbon dioxide
What is the normal range for PaCO2?
35-45mmHg
What factor accounts for more than 80% of COPD exacerbations?
Smoking
The patient had an admit pH of 7.16, is this acidic or alkalotic?
Acidic
What tool can the nurse encourage the use of to improve lung capacity.
Incentive spirometer
The two types of COPD are _____________ and ___________ ____________
What is the term for a PaCO2 level above 45mmHg?
Hypercapnia
True or False:
Air pollution can trigger COPD exacerbations.
True
pH 7.16
PaCO2 133
PaO2 156
HCO3 47
Respiratory acidosis
Name a psychosocial concern in patients with COPD.
Social isolation
Difficulty coping and accepting health status
Sleep disturbances
Change in eating habits
COPD is characterized by ____________ and progressive __________ obstruction.
inflammation, airway
This respiratory condition is caused by destruction of the alveolar walls, resulting in lung hyperinflation.
Emphysema
Bronchodilators or corticosteroids
Identify the compensation for this acid-base imbalance:
pH 7.16
PaCO2 133
PaO2 156
HCO3 47
Partially compensated
The breakdown of what substance affects the stretch and recoil of the lungs?
Elastin
This respiratory condition is caused by chronic inflammation of the bronchi and trachea, causing increased mucus production and edema.
Chronic bronchitis
Name a non-pharmacologic mediator for COPD.
Pursed-lip breathing
Which medication can be used to reduce inflammation associated with COPD?
1. Bumetanide
2. Methylprednisolone
3. Timolol
4. Heparin
Answer: Methylprednisolone
Bumetanide: for edema associated with kidney disease
Timolol: decreases IOP
Heparin: anticoagulant
True or False:
COPD is a high V-Q mismatch.
False
Reasoning: Lungs are perfused but receive insufficient ventilation due to shunting caused by sputum, inflammation, or a pneumothorax. Therefore, blood does not become oxygenated as it passes through the lungs which results in poor oxygenation of body cells.
This acid-base imbalance is characterized by high PaCO2 levels and a low pH.
How does alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency contribute to COPD development?
A1-antitrypsin protects the lungs from inflammation and damage caused by inhaling irritants such as tobacco or wildfire smoke. Without it, the lung's primary protective mechanism is compromised allowing harmful substances to injure the lungs.
Which medication can be used for COPD exacerbations?
1. Azithromycin
2. Formoterol
3. Latanoprost
4. Guafenesin
Answer: Azithromycin
Formoterol: for long-term maintenance of COPD
Latanoprost: decreases IOP
Gaufenesin: for productive cough