Values
what is a normal Fi02 when on room air
21%
What does an increase in CO2 do to respiratory rate? and what can cause an increase in CO2?
Increase in RR, Hypoventilation can cause increase in CO2.
What organ cannot use anaerobic metabolism?
The brain
what is perfusion?
ability of blood to transport oxygen containing hemoglobin to cells and return co2 containing hemoglobin to the alveoli
Nursing interventions to promote gas exchange
positioning, suctioning, nebulizer treatments, incentive spirometry usage
What is a normal SaO2, and what would cause a decrease in SaO2?
Normal= 95-100%. Hemoglobin, affinity, Co2 levels can affect SaO2
what does a decrease in pH, a normal PCO2 and a decreased Bicarb indicate?
metabolic acidosis
Where does gas exchange occur?
the alveoli
What is transport?
how much hemoglobin is available and its ability to carry O2 from alveoli to cells and CO2 from cells
how does perfusion affect gas exchange?
perfusion carries oxygen, if perfusion is not adequate the blood will not deliver oxygen properly to tissues
What does an increase SvO2 indicate?
increased affinity or alkalosis. The tissues did not accept oxygen.
what does a pH of 7.50, pCO2 37, HCO3 of 31 indicate?
Metabolic alkalosis
what organs use the most oxygen?
liver, brain, heart, kidneys
What is ventilation?
The mechanics of inspiration and expiration, inhaling O2 and exhaling CO2
What are the 3 phases of ARDS? Describe each.
exudative, proliferative, fibrotic phase
What does an increased SvO2 mean? and what would cause an increase?
Increase SvO2 means the venous o2 levels are higher than normal. This can be from anything that causes alkalosis d/t the O2 affinity curve.
What does a pH of 7.34, PCo2 56, HCO3 30 indicate?
Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
What 4 major things affect perfusion?
pump, volume, vessel tone, BP
what is utilization?
cellular use of oxygen for energy
What is hypoxemia and what causes it?
hypoventilation, decreased o2, diffusion abnormalities
What is the Fi02 of a nonrebreather mask?
60-80%
What does a decrease in pH, an increase in PCO2 and a normal bicarb indicate?
respiratory acidosis
What part of the brain processes gas exchange from the atmosphere?
Medulla
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?
the amount of ATP produced, aerobic metabolism uses oxygen and anaerobic metabolism does not use oxygen and produces waste products.
What is the difference between A/C and SIMV?
A/C- if a breath is attempted by the patient, the ventilator takes over
SIMV- if a breath is attempted the ventilator does not take over