Lung volume
What is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing?
Tidal volume
What structure allows gas exchange in plants?
What is the process by which water vapor is lost through stomata?
transpiration
What device is used to measure lung volumes?
Spirometer
What device is used to measure transpiration rate?
Potometer
What is the total amount of air exhaled after taking a deep breath?
Vital capacity
What type of mesophyll maximizes photosynthesis
palisade mesophyll
how does air movement affect transpiration?
More air movement increases transpiration by maintaining a concentration gradient.
How is oxygen consumption measured using a spirometer?
By using oxygen and soda lime to absorb carbon dioxide, then measuring the decline in oxygen levels.
How can you test the effect of wind speed on transpiration?
Use a fan at different speeds to change air movement.
What lung volume refers to the extra air that can be inhaled beyond tidal volume?
inspiratory reserve volume?
What vascular tissue transports the products of photosynthesis?
Pholem
What happens to stomata in the dark?
They close, reducing transpiration.
What are two ways spirometer traces can be recorded?
By drawing on a revolving drum or using a computer to graph the results.
What is one way to measure humidity’s effect on transpiration?
Enclose the plant in a plastic bag or use a humidifier.
What happens to tidal volume during exercise?
It increases to move more air in and out of the lungs.
What is the primary function of the waxy cuticle on a leaf?
It forms an impermeable barrier to reduce water loss.
Name two benefits of transpiration.
Cooling the plant via evaporation and helping with mineral ion uptake.
What measurement counts the number of inhalations or exhalations per minute?
Ventilation rate
How does increased temperature affect transpiration?
It increases transpiration by raising kinetic energy, but too much heat causes stomata to close.
What is the difference between the maximum expiratory level and tidal volume?
What is the difference between the maximum expiratory level and tidal volume?
What three types of tissues are involved in leaf gas exchange?
epidermal tissue, mesophyll tissue, and vascular tissue?
What are three environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration?
What are light intensity, temperature, and humidity?
What lung measurement is calculated by adding tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume?
Vital capacity
How can light intensity be controlled in a transpiration experiment?
By changing the distance of a lamp or using different types of bulbs.