Respiratory System
Upper airway includes
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the larynx
What is airway resistance
What are some objective data that could be noticed during a cardiopulmonary assessment
LOC, signs of distress, weight, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation.
Short popping sounds, Pitch and intensity vary, can be heard during inspiration, expiration or both
Crackles or Rales
limited amount of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxemia
Lower airway includes
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli of the lungs
What is ventilation
The flow of air in and out of the lungs
Inspections during a cardiopulmonary assessment include...
Breathing pattern, accessory muscle use, cyanosis, clubbing of nails, chest wall deformities, jugular vein, restlessness
Deep, coarse sounds that have a snoring quality and are heard primarily during expiration
Rhonchi
Lack of oxygen at the cellular level
Hypoxia
How are the lungs linked to the nervous system
By the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
What is perfusion?
The flow of blood by the cardiopulmonary system into the alveolar capillaries
In a cardiopulmonary assessment what are are palpating for?
Pulses, assess for tenderness, expansion and symmetry or respirations, edema of extremities, capillary refill.
High pitched muscle sounds that can be heard during inspiration or expiration
Wheezing
Explain retractions
Muscle are pulled inward and occur between the ribs when the inspirations occurs, Intercostal retraction are a sign that the airway is blocked
How many lobes are in the right and left lung
Right lung, three lobes
Left lung, two lobes
Pulmonary Circuit?
Right atrium, Tricuspid valve, Right ventricle, Pulmonary Arteries, Pulmonary capillaries, Pulmonary veins, Left atrium, Mitral Valve, Left ventricle
Where are we percussing in a cardiopulmonary assessment
Over cardiac boarder and lung fields
A deep, harsh, grating or creaking sound that is usually heard more often during inspiration than expiration.
Friction Rub
What is atelectasis
The collapse of lung tissue due to shallow respirations
What are the lungs responsible for
Bronchodilation and Bronchoconstriction
What is lung Compliance
Expands in response to increased pressure within the alveoli
Where are we auscultating during a cardiopulmonary assessment?
lungs and heart
high-pitched, whistling or squeaking sound that occurs when breathing. It is caused by a narrowing or obstruction in the upper airways, such as the trachea, larynx, or epiglottis.
Stridor
What is the difference between Hyperventilation and hypoventilation
Hyperventilation is an increase in the rate and depth of breathing, while hypoventilation is shallow breathing with a decrease respiratory rate