Miscellaneous
O2 saturations indicate
the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen
The flow rate range for a nasal cannula (low flow) measured in L/min
1-6 L/min
FiO2 definition
Amount of O2 delivered in inspired air
Lab that would be elevated when the body is going through anaerobic metabolism
lactic acid (lactate)
pH =7.57
PCO2=24
HCO3=21
Interpretation=
uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
normal pH range for the body
BONUS: What does it mean if it is high? What does it mean if it is low?
7.35-7.45
Low means acidic, too much CO2
high means alkalosis
Explain why a non rebreather has a higher fiO2 compared to a partial rebreather
Partial rebreathers allow some air to be recycled instead of completely preventing you from rebreathing air. They look very similar to non-rebreather masks, but they use two-way instead of one-way valves.
Hypoxemia definition
decreased O2 content of the blood, PaO2 less than 80mmHg
Confirms placement after chest tube placement
X-ray
pH=7.21
PCO2= 55
HCO3= 22
interpretation=
uncompensated respiratory acidosis
What are the three mechanisms that regulate acid-base
chemical buffers
renal buffers
respiratory buffers
flow rate of a bag valve mask
12-15 L/min
Hypoxia definition
reduced oxygenation in the cells and tissues
Normal range for CO2
35-45
PCO2= 40
HCO3=15
interpretation=
uncompensated metabolic acidosis
difference between CPAP and BiPap
Bipap has two distinct pressure settings and treats more complex breathing patterns. CPAP stands for continuous positive airway pressure and has a single setting
Reason why someone would need a nasal cannula (high flow) rather than simple mask or Venturi mask
oxygen is humidified and patient has severe anxiety and won't wear a different type.
process of metabolism that results in 36 molecules of ATP, oxygen and CO2 as byproducts
Aerobic metabolism
22-26
pH= 7.51
PCO2=39
HCO3= 30
interpretation=
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
3 different pathophysiologic conditions related to gas exchange
Hyper/hypoventilation
hypoxemia/hypoxia
acute respiratory distress syndrome
Simple mask flow rate in L/min
6-8L/min
Anemia definition
Decreased oxygen carrying capacity in red blood cells
8-12 mEq/L
pH=7.34
PCO2=56
HCO3= 30
interpretation=
uncompensated respiratory acidosis