Anatomy
Absorption is the major function of this organ
Due to cancer, this procedure involves all cervical lymph nodes from the mandible to the clavicle, and removal of the sternocleidomastoid muscles, internal jugular vein, and spinal accessary muscle on the effected side.
(radical) neck dissection
Dumping Syndrome
no fluids with meals
no high carbs
The nurse is monitoring a client admitted to the hospital with appendicitis who is scheduled for surgery in 2 hours. The client complains of increased abdominal pain and begins to vomit. The abdomen is distended and bowel sounds diminished. What is the appropriate nursing action? administer pain meds, notify pcp, reposition patient with heating pad, administer antiemetic
notify pcp
with s/s presented, the nurse should suspect peritonitis. heat should never be applied to the abdomen with appendicitis because of the risk for rupture. pain medication and antiemetic is not appropriate at this time.
The nursing is doing an admission assessment of a patient with duodenal ulcer. To determine whether the problem is currently active, the nurse should assess the client for which manifestation of duodenal ulcer? Weight loss, nausea and vomiting, pain relieved by food intake, pain radiating down the right arm
pain relieved by food intake
a frequent symptom; burning, heavy, sharp pain in the mid-epigastric area. Usually does not experience weight loss or nausea and vomiting which are seen with a gastric ulcer.
Supplies oxygen and nutrients to the stomach
gastric artery
With this disorder, the lining of the esophagus becomes damaged by acid reflux. Thick/red
Barrett's esophagus
Postoperative Care- Colostomy
assessment of stoma color
assess return of bowel function (3-6 days)
monitor type of stool
monitor cbc/ cmp (K+)
strict i/o
The nurse is monitoring a client with a diagnosis of peptic ulcer. Which assessment finding would most likely indicate perforation of the ulcer? bradycardia, numbness in the legs, n/v, rigid board-like abdomen
rigid board-like abdomen
numbness in the legs is not associated with this finding. n/v may occur and tachycardia may occur as with a potential complication of hypovolemic shock can develop.
A client has undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The nurse should place highest priority on which item as part of the client's care plan? Monitoring temperature, monitoring for complaints of heartburn, assessing for the return of gag reflex, giving warm gargles for sore throat
This assessment addresses the patient's airway. Nurse should monitor for temperature increase which could indicate infection. All other assessment are also important but airway is the highest priority
Supplies oxygen and nutrients to the intestines
mesenteric arteries
Can be iatrogenic or caused by forceful vomiting or severe straining. These patients have severe retrosternal pain followed by dysphagia; surgery is imminent as this is a medical emergency
esophageal perforation
celiac disease
gluten free diet
The patient with a hiatal hernia chronically experiences heartburn following meals. The nurse should plan to teach the client to avoid which action because it is contraindicated with a hiatal hernia? lying recumbent following meals, consuming small frequent bland meals, taking H2 receptor antagonist medication, raising the head of the bed on 6 inch blocks
hiatal hernia is a protrusion of a portion of the stomach above the diaphragm where the esophagus usually is positioned. client experiences pain lying flat following meals or at night.
The client had surgery to create and ileostomy. The nurse assessed client in the immediate postoperative period for which most frequent complication for this type of surgery? folate deficiency, malabsorption of fat, intestinal obstruction, fluid and electrolyte imbalance
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
frequently occurs following ileostomy, requiring frequent monitoring of intake and output. intestinal obstruction less frequent complication, folate and fat malabsorption usually occur later in the postoperative period.
This organ absorbs fluids and electrolytes, and synthesizes vitamin k
large intestines
duodenal ulcer
peritionitis
monitor for septic shock
monitor for s/s that it is subsiding (softening of the abdomen, return of bowel sounds, passing flatus
The nurse is monitoring a client for early signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome. Which findings indicate this occurrence? sweating/ pallor, bradycardia/ indigestion, double vision/ chest pain, abdominal cramping/ pain
sweating/ pallor
early signs of dumping syndrome occur 5-30 minutes after eating. Symptoms include vertigo, tachycardia, syncope, sweating, pallor, palpitations, and the desire to lie down.
Nurse Oliver checks for residual before administering a bolus tube feeding to a client with a nasogastric tube and obtains a residual amount of 150 mL. What is the appropriate action for the nurse to take? hold the feeding, re-instill the amount and continue with additional tube feeding, elevate head of bed and continue with tube feeding, discard the residual and continue with the tube feeding
Hold the feeding
Residual amounts greater than 100ml require feeding to be withheld unless specifically indicated. Patients at risk for delayed gastric emptying include those with gastroparesis, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, gastric outlet obstruction, ileus, recent surgery, trauma, or sepsis, and those using a large amount of narcotic pain medication. Efforts to prevent aspiration of gastric contents are important in these patients.
These two structures are found in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen
liver and gallbladder
Patient's with disease have unpredictable periods of remission and exacerbation; abscess, fistulas, and obstructions are uncommon. Increased risk for colon cancer.
ulcerative colitis
IBS
bowel habit diary
avoid food triggers
avoid drinking fluids with meals
avoid alcohol and tobacco
The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease about dietary measures to implement during exacerbation episodes. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further instruction? " I should increase fiber in my diet" " I will need to avoid caffeine" " I'm going to learn some stress reduction techniques" " I can have exacerbations and remissions with Crohn's disease"
"I should increase fiber in my diet"
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disease that can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract but most often affects the terminal ileum and leads to thickening and scarring, a narrowing lumen, fistulas, ulcerations, abscess. It have periods of remission and exacerbation. If stress increases the symptoms, patients are taught stress management. patients need to avoid gastric stimulants and follow a high calorie and high protein diet and lower in fiber especially during periods of exacerbation.
During preparation for bowel surgery, a male client receives an antibiotic to reduce intestinal bacteria. Antibiotic therapy may interfere with the synthesis of which vitamin and may lead to hypoprothrombinemia? vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K
Vitamin K
Intestinal bacteria synthesize such nutritional substances as vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B12, folic acid, biotin, and nicotinic acid. Therefore, antibiotic therapy may interfere with the synthesis of these substances, including vitamin K. Antibiotics, especially those known as cephalosporins, reduce the absorption of vitamin K in the body. Using them for more than 10 days may lower levels of vitamin K because these drugs kill not only harmful bacteria but also the bacteria that make vitamin K.