What is a medication that can be used to treat gallstones if patient is a poor surgical candidate or reluctant to have surgery?
Ursodiol- which is a bile acid effective in dissolving cholesterol stones with limited side effects.
300
Name a few things to avoid (limiting precipitants) during management of PUD.
Smoking, Aspirin, NSAIDs, alcohol, steroids, emotional stress. No strong evidence to support diet changes aside from limiting eating before bedtime.
300
What is the only intervention with life saving potential for fulminant acute hepatitis?
Liver transplantation
300
We all know october is breast cancer awareness month but it is also awareness month for what else?
October is domestic violence awareness month.
400
Which of the tests for H pylori are best to look for eradication and why.
C urea breath test (costly and not widely available), and stool antigen test because they will not remain positive despite no active disease like the serologic test will. Also not invasive like endoscopy.
400
Which medications should be avoided to prevent gallstones (or which have increased risk of stone development)?
Clofibrate, estrogen, thiazide diuretics.
400
When should you consider adding sucralfate according to Goroll?
To aid in healing of a large, non nsaid induced ulcer if resolution is slow.
400
When is hospital admission indicated in those with chronic hepatitis?
When mental status worsens, GI bleeding, refractory ascites, coagulopathy, or poor home environment.
400
How did the gallbladder get its name?
Medieval people believed in health as a balance of 4 fluids, and inbalance affected mood and health. An excess of "yellow bile" found in the gallbladder was thought to produce aggression or "gall". So a hot tempered patient would naturally have a gallbladder issue!
500
In the treatment of h pylori infection, what are the general components of treatment and why are they necessary.
Two different antibiotics- due to increased resistance when using only one type.
Anti-secretory/acid suppression agent- To decrease gastric acidity which can limit efficacy of antibiotics needed for eradication
500
How does performing non elective open cholecystectomy effect mortality rate?
It increases it four fold (up to 10% in the elderly)
500
What should you do for persistent or recurrent disease unresponsive to treatment?
Refer for endoscopy/biopsy to rule out malignancy and/or complicated disease
500
What combination of medicines is used to treat Hepatitis C?
Interferon (alfa or pegylated) and ribavirin are used in combination.
500
Most commonly used hepatotoxic drug?
Acetaminophen- but only when taken in massive doses or inappropriately.