Origin of Life
Which of the following is NOT a possible source of energy for abiotic synthesis of monomers?
a. the sun
b. volcanic activity
c. meteorite bombardment
d. hot sand or rocks
d. hot sand or rocks
At which of the following levels of the biological hierarchy does the property of metabolism emerge?
a. Organelles
b. Tissues
c. Cell
d. Species
c. Cell
Which of the following is NOT a possible function of an enzyme?
a. Speed up rate of chemical reactions in cells
b. Cause a reaction between two molecules that are otherwise nonreactive
c. Lower the activation energy of a reaction
d. facilitate the formation of chemical bonds
b. Cause a reaction between two molecules that are otherwise nonreactive
Identify which of the following terms best describes changes to the number of connections between neurons that take place during an individual’s lifetime.
a. Neuronal plasticity
b. Short-term memory
c. Long-term potentiation
d. Learning
a. Neuronal plasticity
Which functional group contains only carbon bound to hydrogen?
a. Amino
b. Carbonyl
c. Methyl
d. Hydroxyl
c. Methyl
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the abiotic synthesis of organic monomers?
a. An energy source
b. Enzymes
c. Low atmospheric O2
d. Time
b. Enzymes
CC chemical bonds: Hydrogen bonds tend to form between which of the following:
I. polar and a non-polar molecule
II. two molecules that contain Hydrogen
III. two polar molecules
IV. two water molecules
a.I and II
b. III and IV
c. II and III
d. I and IV
b. III and IV
Which of the following is a result of reducing an electron acceptor:
a. build an ATP
b. transfer electrons to NAD+
c. remove an electron from FADH2
d. oxidize sugar
b. transfer electrons to NAD+
1. When multiple synapses at a particular neuron are active, then
a. the responses at all of these synapses are strengthened.
b. many of the connections between these synapses and the neuron will be lost.
c. long-term potentiation cannot be established.
d. long term memory will be retrieved into sensory memory.
a. the responses at all of these synapses are strengthened.
Which of the following functional groups below are found in a sugar?
I. –C=O
II. – NH2
III. -OH
IV. -CH3
a. I, III, and IV
b. I and III
c. I only
d. III only
b. I and III
Which of the following is not required to support abiotic synthesis?
a. very little or no free oxygen
b. time
c. biological monomers
d. a source of energy
c. biological monomers
Which of the following functional groups is acidic and is also found in fatty acids.
a. - NH2
b. - COOH
c. - CH3
d. - C=O
b. - COOH
Which of the following are true regarding anabolism and catabolism?
I. Catabolic reactions build complex molecules
II. Anabolic reactions build complex molecules
III. Anabolic reactions require energy
IV. Catabolic reactions release energy
a. II and III only
b. II and IV only
c. I, II, and III
d. II, III and IV
d. II, III and IV
After Joe turned 40 years old, he started to have trouble remembering events that had occurred in his childhood. What part of the memory process is Joe having trouble with?
a. Synaptic cleft formation
b. Neuronal plasticity
c. Long Term Potentiation (LTP)
d. Long Term Memory
d. Long Term Memory
What properties are shared between amino and hydroxyl groups?
a. contain carbon bound to hydrogen
b. are charged
c. contain double bonds
d. are polar
d. are polar
You are swimming in the ocean and encounter a small structure. When you take it back to the lab you find that it is comprised of organic phosphate and hydrocarbons forming a sphere. Inside there are no proteins only some simple sugars and ions. What have you found?
a. a cell membrane
b. a nucleus
c. prokaryotic cell
d. protocell
d. protocell
Electrons exist only at fixed levels of potential energy. However, if an atom absorbs sufficient energy, a possible result is that
a. an electron may move to an electron shell farther away from the nucleus.
b. an electron may move to an electron shell closer to the nucleus.
c. the atom may become electronegative.
d. the atom would become a positively charged ion.
a. an electron may move to an electron shell farther away from the nucleus.
C8H18 is octane which is a component of gasoline. When is burns, it undergoes the following reaction. Which of the following statements correctly describes this reaction?
2C8H18 + 2 O2 --> 16CO2 + 18H2O
a. The oxygen was oxidized.
b. The carbon dioxide was the reducing agent.
c. The oxygen was reduced.
d. The carbon dioxide was oxidized.
c. The oxygen was reduced.
According to what is known about long term potentiation and memory formation, which of the following are the best ways to prepare for each Monday and Wednesday workshop this summer?
I. Read the lecture notes several times.
II. Attend reviews and actively take notes while attending lecture.
III. Make your own organizers for each of the outcomes.
IV. Use Chat GP to explain topics from lecture.
V. Organize your notes to chunk material and develop connections between concepts.
a. I, II, and III
b. II, III, and IV
c. I, III, and V
d. II, III, and V
d. II, III, and V
You’ve isolated a large polymer. Its monomers contain both positively and negatively charged groups, and often also have nonpolar components. You decide to investigate the specific functional groups involved. What do you expect to find?
a. hydroxyl and carbonyl groups are charged, carbonyl groups are nonpolar
b. carboxyl and amino groups are charged, methyl groups are nonpolar
c. carbonyl and amino groups are charged, hydroxyl groups are nonpolar
d. methyl and hydroxyl groups are charged, carboxyl groups are nonpolar
b. carboxyl and amino groups are charged, methyl groups are nonpolar
While exploring undersea biota, Dr. Boothwyn finds a small hydrothermal vent and tests what types of compounds are emanating from it. He finds CO2, nickel and iron, and also samples some amino acids. Which of the following does Dr. Boothwyn’s samples support?
a. Cell theory
b. Prebiotic Soup hypothesis
c. Abiotic synthesis of polymers
d. Iron-sulfur world hypothesis
d. Iron-sulfur world hypothesis
The electronegativity of hydrogen and sulfur is very similar. Compared to water molecules, molecules of H2S will:
a. have greater partial positive and partial negative charges
b. have a more negative charge
c. be more hydrophilic
d. be less likely to form hydrogen bonds with each other
d. be less likely to form hydrogen bonds with each other
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of a mutation that allows electron carriers to be reduced, but not oxidized?
a. NADH will accumulate.
b. Free electrons will accumulate.
c. NAD+ will accumulate.
d. Free protons will accumulate.
a. NADH will accumulate.
Which of the following are TRUE about short-term memory?
I. Information is lost if it is not used.
II. Activated when information needs to be retained.
III. Encoded into long-term memory if used often.
IV. Has unlimited capacity
a. I and III
b. II and III
c. I, II, and IV
d. I, III, and IV
a. I and III
Which properties are shared between both Carboxyl and Carbonyl groups?
I. partially or fully charged
II. compose basic structure of an amino acid
III. basic
IV. hydrophilic
V. contain oxygen
a. I, II, III, IV, V
b. II and III
c. I and IV
d. I, IV, and V
d. I, IV, and V