Development
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gross National Income (GNI)
Purchase Power Parity (PPP)
Between 1918-1921, how many Jewish people were killed in Pogroms in Eastern Europe
150 000
This theory emerged out of the 1950s and 1960s during the era of the "development project". It is based on Western style capitalism arguing that the 'underdeveloped' world should follow the path laid out by the West.
Modernization Theory
According to Dr. Ervine, "We live in a carbon cage, built by industrial capitalism, its dependence on _____ and its dogma of limitless growth on a planet with finite resources"
Fossil Fuels
Recall that Biermann et al. set out to assess the SDGs across three types of political change. What kind of political impact is characterized by "changes in political debates, laws, regulation, policies, and budgets"
Discursive
____________ describes alternatives to development focused on the good life in the broad sense
Buen Vivir
The _____________ stimulated European industrialization and forced non-Europeans into primary commodity specializatin
The Colonial Division of Labor
Sabrina Canfield reports that Biermann et al. found that _____% of CEOs see the SDGs as a powerful framing to accelerate sustainability efforts, yet warn that these could also be used to camouflage business-as-usual practices as sustainability rhetoric
70%
According to Sinclair Thomson, following the conservative coup the Bolivia government has borrowed to cover its losses with foreign debt now at around _____%
30%
SDG 2 - Zero Hunger
According to the UN, __ in ___ people worldwide struggle with moderate to severe food insecurity
1 in 3
The Bridgetown initiative had 6 core demands; one of them called for __________ per year in private sector investment for green transition
$1.5 trillion
economic and ideological
This theory emerged out of the 1960s and 1970s in LATAM & GS, as a response to Modernization theory, arguing that the legacy of colonialism led to the "development of underdevelopment"
Elites benefitted from International Division of Labor & Unequal Exchange
Dependency Theory
Saima Sidik reported in 2022 that by the end of the year at least 75 M people will have been pushed into poverty, meaning they would be living on less than US $_____ a day
$1.90
SDG 10- No Poverty
If current trends continue _____ people will still be living in extreme poverty by 2030
575 M
The main goals of _____________ are national development and economic growth
"Development Project"
In "The Specter of Nationalism", all modern populist draw the distinction between people and the elites in terms of ________
Who authentically represents the nation--- who is the true nationalist
Which theory & scholar argues that "governmentality" of development leads to surveillance and discipline of the Third World, smothering alternatives under the guise of "expert knowledge"
better to focus on local cultures and subordinate knowledge systems
Postdevelopment; A.Escobar
Sarah Niman reports on Birch Bark Coffee, a company that works with small scale farmers and addresses the water crisis across First Nation communities. The ________________ are goals to strive toward and values that underpin relations between living things; Birch Bark Coffee adopts these as a "high benchmark" across their supply chain
The Seven Grandfather Teachings (wisdom, love, respect, humility, bravery, truth, and honesty)
SDG 5- Gender Equality
At the current rate it will take _______ to close gaps legal protection and remove discriminatory laws in the world
286 years
While the World Bank Poverty Line is $2.15 (in PPP) in Bolivia was 2.0%; Bolivia's national poverty line was...
36.4%
the practice of local farmers producing a single crop such as peanuts or coffee, for export, or plantations were imposed on land expropriated from those who were forced to become plantation laborers
export monocultures
This theory & scholar argue that modernity is inherently colonial and racist and European modernity has been imposed on "the rest"; there is a need to produce de-westernized, decolonial, "pluriversal" knowledge
Decoloniality; W.Mignolo
Hansen & Benjamin illustrate the benefits of oil & gas extraction, coal mining & hydroelectrict development in Peace River Region of BC, including high paying jobs attracting workers, however they have largely ignored impacts such as (4)
1. high wages for resource workers drive up local prices
2. large, young, transient mostly male workforce adds to the risk of violence against women.
3. Insufficient supports and social services
4. Threats to indigenous ways of life
Despite the mainly discursive impacts of the SDGs, the SDGs have also enabled non-governmental organizations to ...
hold governments accountable and in some cases to counter the interests of powerful actors