Nutrient Nibblers
What are the two main classifications of nutrients, based on the amount the body needs?
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
What type of symbiotic organisms establish a mutually beneficial relationship with humans, influencing digestion and immune function?
Bacteria
What is the process by which symbiotic organisms in the gut help prevent colonization and infection by harmful pathogens?
Competition for Resources
What is the term for the essential bodily processes that require energy, including brain function and physical activity?
Metabolism
What specific type of fat is essential for absorbing fat-soluble vitamins and protecting organs?
Healthy Fats
What is the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars for absorption by the body?
Digestion
What are the three main sources of protein for humans? Give 3 answers
Meat, Fish, and Poultry
What is the term for the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, potentially influencing mood and behavior?
Gut-Brain Axis
What is a potential consequence of consuming a diet consistently high in sugar and processed foods?
Obesity
What specific vitamin plays a crucial role in bone health and is often obtained through sun exposure?
Vitamin D
What are the potential consequences of a vitamin D deficiency?
Bone Disorders
What is the term for a diet that includes a variety of nutrient-rich foods from different food groups?
Balanced Diet
What is the process by which gut bacteria ferment dietary fibers, producing short-chain fatty acids that contribute to metabolic health?
Fermentation
How can public health interventions help improve overall nutritional status and prevent associated health problems? (Hint:2 answers)
Education and Access to Nutritious Foods
What is the term for a condition caused by a lack of sufficient red blood cells, often linked to iron deficiency?
Anemia
What are the two main categories of macronutrients, which provide the body with most of its energy?
Carbohydrates and Fat
What are some examples of legumes, a good source of plant-based protein and fiber? Give 3 possible answers
Beans, lentils, peas
What is the mucus layer produced in the gut, and how does it contribute to the body's defense mechanisms?
A protective barrier that traps pathogens and aids in their removal
What is the difference between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)
BMR is minimum energy needed at rest, TDEE includes BMR plus activity
What is the mineral essential for proper nerve function and muscle contraction?
Calcium
How does the body primarily use carbohydrates, the main source of energy?
Broken down into glucose for cellular respiration
Why are healthy fats, like those found in avocados and nuts, important for the body?
Provide energy, support cell function, and aid in vitamin absorption
How can maintaining a healthy gut microbiota potentially influence the immune system?
By promoting immune tolerance, reducing inflammation, and stimulating immune response
What are some potential health consequences of consistently consuming more calories than you expend?
Weight gain, increased risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes? Hint:3 answers
How can iron deficiency, particularly in pregnant women, impact fetal development? Hint: 3 answers
Impaired cognitive function, low birth weight, and increased risk of complications