Mineral and Rocks
Minerals are always solid and have a geometric shape. (True or False)
True!
A lake has steep, sloping sides and sharp or rounded ridges, and a high point, called a peak or summit. (True or False)
Rocks
Any natural combination of minerals; an aggregate of minerals.
What is the most common mineral in the world?
Quartz
Name and describe one natural structure.
Answers may vary.
Name and describe one layer of the Earth.
Answers may vary.
Erosion
The removal of soil, sediment or rock fragments from a landscape.
What is the mineral or rock makes our bones very strong?
Calcium
What is the dark and hollow natural structure that can form underground, on hillsides, or in the walls of cliffs? Some were were carved out by water. Others were formed by lava that cooled and hardened.
A cave!
What is the deepest layer within the Earth and it's under immense pressure?
Inner Core!
Water table
The level in the ground, below which, all spaces in rock, sediment and soils are filled with groundwater (therefore some mines must be 'dewatered'!)
How are rocks made?
1. Some rocks are formed from melted rock deep inside the Earth.
2. Some are formed from layers of sand, silt, dead plants, and animal skeletons.
3. Some are formed from other rocks that are changed by heat and pressure underground.
How are icebergs made?
Icebergs form when chunks of ice calve, or break off, from glaciers, ice shelves, or a larger iceberg.
Name all 4 main layers of the Earth!
The crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core.
Quarry
Location for extraction of consolidated earth materials (bedrock). Blasting is required to liberate the rock for processing.
What is one use of a mineral or rock?
Answers may vary. Ex. Manufacture of concrete, bricks and pipes and in building houses and roads
What is one use of a dam?
A dam is a structure built across a stream or river to hold water back. Dams can be used to store water, control flooding, and generate electricity
How is lava made?
Lava is molten rock. It is created inside Earth's core where temperatures get hot enough to melt rock. When the molten rock erupts onto Earth's surface and begins to flow, scientists then call it lava.
Xenolith
A fragment of old rock caught or stuck in a new igneous rock.