Carbon & Organic Compounds
This element is an excellent building block for biological molecules because it can form four covalent bonds.
What is Carbon
This type of bond holds the two hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atom within a water molecule.
What is a polar covalent bond?
This region of an atom contains negatively charged particles that occupy orbitals around the nucleus.
What is the orbital region?
All living things are made up of these basic units, which are considered the basic unit of life.
What are cells?
This process is used to break down polymers into monomers by breaking covalent bonds when adding water.
What is hydrolysis?
A molecule has the same chemical formula as another molecule, but its atoms are connected in a different order. This type of isomer is called this.
What is a structural isomer?
Water molecules stick to other water molecules through this interaction, helping water droplets maintain their shape.
What is cohesion?
Two atoms of the same element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. These atoms are called what?
What are isotopes?
An organism maintains a stable internal environment even when conditions outside its body change. What characteristic of life is being demonstrated?
What is homeostasis?
This is the monomer of a carbohydrate.
What is a monosaccharide?
Identify the functional group in this structure: R–COOH
What is a carboxyl group?
This system helps keep the pH of a solution relatively stable by reducing large changes in pH when small amounts of acids or bases are added. What is this system called?
What is a buffer?
A student observes a reaction in which one atom loses electrons while another atom gains those electrons. Based on what happens to the electrons, what type of reaction is this?
What is a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction?
A researcher observes that plants growing toward a light source are more likely to survive. Which characteristic of life explains the plants' movement toward the light?
What is sensitivity or response to the environment?
This is a kind of plant polysaccharide that is used for energy storage.
What is starch?
In this type of stereoisomer, some atoms differ in their spatial arrangement around a rigid framework of other atoms as shown in the photo.
A plant is absorbing water from the soil and transporting it upward through narrow tubes in its cells. Water molecules stick to the polar molecules in the cell walls, helping the water move upward. Which property of water is primarily responsible?
What is adhesion?
Water molecules can form many of these weak interactions with each other. These interactions are responsible for important properties of water, such as cohesion, adhesion, and its high specific heat. What type of interaction is this?
What are hydrogen bonds?
In a population of birds, some birds have very large beaks that can crack large, hard seeds, while others have very small beaks that are better at eating small, soft seeds. Birds with medium-sized beaks cannot efficiently eat either type of seed. Over many generations, which type of natural selection would most likely occur?
What is diversifying/disruptive selection?
The diagram shown is what kind of lipid?
What is a steroid?
Looking at the drawing on the board, what hydrocarbon geometry shape is displayed?
What is tetrahedral?
A person is exercising on a hot day and begins sweating. As the sweat evaporates from their skin, it takes heat away from the body's surface and helps cool them down. Which property of water explains this?
What is high heat of vaporization (evaporative cooling)?
A bond forms between hydrogen and chlorine. Chlorine attracts the shared electrons more strongly than hydrogen, causing chlorine to have a partial negative charge and hydrogen to have a partial positive charge. What type of bond is this?
What is a polar covalent bond?
A student notices that plants placed near a window seem to grow taller than plants placed farther away. She thinks that this difference may be caused by the amount of sunlight the plants receive. She proposes that plants receiving more sunlight will grow taller. Which step of the scientific method is she using?
What is generating a hypothesis?
A cell is placed in an environment containing water. The phospholipids in its membrane arrange themselves so that the nonpolar tails are protected from the watery environments on both sides of the membrane. The polar heads face the water. What structure is being formed, and why do the phospholipids arrange themselves this way?
What is a phospholipid bilayer? The hydrophobic tails face inward toward each other, while the hydrophilic heads face outward toward the aqueous environments inside and outside the cell.