Origin of Life
Which of the following is NOT a possible source of energy for abiotic synthesis of monomers?
a. the sun
b. volcanic activity
c. meteorite bombardment
d. hot sand or rocks
d. hot sand or rocks
At which of the following levels of the biological hierarchy does the property of metabolism emerge?
a. Organelles
b. Tissues
c. Cell
d. Species
c. Cell
Which of the following is NOT a possible function of an enzyme?
a. Speed up rate of chemical reactions in cells
b. Cause a reaction between two molecules that are otherwise nonreactive
c. Lower the activation energy of a reaction
d. facilitate the formation of chemical bonds
b. Cause a reaction between two molecules that are otherwise nonreactive
Identify which molecule is reduced during glycolysis.
a. Oxygen
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Water
d. NAD+
d. NAD+
Which of the following occur BOTH in respiration and photosynthesis?
I. reduction of NADP+
II. redox reactions
III. establishment of a proton gradient
IV. incorporation of CO2 into organic molecules
V. movement of protons through ATP synthase
a. II, III, and V
b. II, III, and IV
c. II, IV, and V
d. II, III, IV, and V
a. II, III, and V
Which of the following occurred in early bacterial cells, but NOT protocells?
a. phospholipid membranes
b. binary fission
c. short chains of polymers
d. osmosis
b. binary fission
CC chemical bonds: Hydrogen bonds tend to form between which of the following:
I. polar and a non-polar molecule
II. two molecules that contain Hydrogen
III. two polar molecules
IV. two water molecules
a.I and II
b. III and IV
c. II and III
d. I and IV
b. III and IV
Which of the following is a result of reducing an electron acceptor:
a. build an ATP
b. transfer electrons to NAD+
c. remove an electron from FADH2
d. oxidize sugar
b. transfer electrons to NAD+
Carbon dioxide is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?
a. glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
b. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle
c. the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
d. oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis
b. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle
Which of the following are the products of the Light Reaction:
I. Sugar
II. CO2
III. NADPH
IV. ATP
a. III and IV
b. I and III
c. II and IV
d. I and IV
a. III and IV
Hypothesize the most likely outcome if lipids did not form on an early Earth.
a. Ribozymes would not appear
b. Atmospheric O2 would have been high
c. Protocells would not form
d. Organic monomers would form more rapidly
c. Protocells would not form
Ionic bonds are between molecules _____________________ while non-polar covalent bonds are between molecules _________________________.
a. that are identical; that possess very different electronegativity
b. with very different electronegativity; that are identical
c. with the same electronegativity; that are tetravalent
d. that are tetravalent; with the same electronegativity
b. with very different electronegativity; that are identical
Which of the following are true regarding anabolism and catabolism?
I. Catabolic reactions build complex molecules
II. Anabolic reactions build complex molecules
III. Anabolic reactions require energy
IV. Catabolic reactions release energy
a. II and III only
b. II and IV only
c. I, II, and III
d. II, III and IV
d. II, III and IV
Electrons are associated with and pass through a variety of molecules, locations, and structures during the process of cellular respiration. Trace the correct sequence of electron movement during cellular respiration.
I. Electron transport chain
II. NADH
III. Covalent C-C bonds
IV. H2O
a. III ➔ I ➔ II ➔ IV
b. III ➔ I ➔ IV ➔ II
c. III ➔ II ➔ I ➔ IV
d. III ➔ II ➔ IV ➔ I
c. III ➔ II ➔ I ➔ IV
How is O2 used by a plant cell?
a. Plant cells do not require O2
b. As a terminal electron acceptor during photosynthesis
c. As an electron carrier during the light dependent reactions
d. During respiration it accepts electrons from Complex IV
d. During respiration it accepts electrons from Complex IV
You are swimming in the ocean and encounter a small structure. When you take it back to the lab you find that it is comprised of organic phosphate and hydrocarbons forming a sphere. Inside there are no proteins only some simple sugars and ions. What have you found?
a. a cell membrane
b. a nucleus
c. prokaryotic cell
d. protocell
d. protocell
Electrons exist only at fixed levels of potential energy. However, if an atom absorbs sufficient energy, a possible result is that
a. an electron may move to an electron shell farther away from the nucleus.
b. an electron may move to an electron shell closer to the nucleus.
c. the atom may become electronegative.
d. the atom would become a positively charged ion.
a. an electron may move to an electron shell farther away from the nucleus.
C8H18 is octane which is a component of gasoline. When is burns, it undergoes the following reaction. Which of the following statements correctly describes this reaction?
2C8H18 + 2 O2 --> 16CO2 + 18H2O
a. The oxygen was oxidized.
b. The carbon dioxide was the reducing agent.
c. The oxygen was reduced.
d. The carbon dioxide was oxidized.
c. The oxygen was reduced.
Which characteristics describe pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA AND the citric acid cycle?
I. ATP is used
II. electrons are transferred
III. FAD reduced
IV. dehydrogenation reactions occur
a. II and III
b. II, III, and IV
c. III, and IV
d. I, and II
a. II and IV
Which of the following statements best describe the carbon atoms present in a seed-eating bird?
I. They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants.
II. They were incorporated from the soil as the seed plant grew.
III. They were processed into sugars through photosynthesis.
IV. They were fixed into an organic sugar during the Calvin cycle.
a. I, III, and IV
b. I and II
c. II, III, and IV
d. II and III
a. I, III, and IV
While exploring undersea biota, Dr. Boothwyn finds a small hydrothermal vent and tests what types of compounds are emanating from it. He finds CO2, nickel and iron, and also samples some amino acids. Which of the following does Dr. Boothwyn’s samples support?
a. Cell theory
b. Prebiotic Soup hypothesis
c. Abiotic synthesis of polymers
d. Iron-sulfur world hypothesis
d. Iron-sulfur world hypothesis
The electronegativity of hydrogen and sulfur is very similar. Compared to water molecules, molecules of H2S will:
a. have greater partial positive and partial negative charges
b. have a more negative charge
c. be more hydrophilic
d. be less likely to form hydrogen bonds with each other
d. be less likely to form hydrogen bonds with each other
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of a mutation that allows electron carriers to be reduced, but not oxidized?
a. NADH will accumulate.
b. Free electrons will accumulate.
c. NAD+ will accumulate.
d. Free protons will accumulate.
a. NADH will accumulate.
Which characteristics describe BOTH FADH2 and NADH?
I. reduced during glycolysis
II. reduced during pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA
III. oxidized during oxidative phosphorylation
IV. oxidized by the addition of H atoms
V. oxidized by proteins on mitochondrial cristae
a. II and V
b. I, III, and V
c. III and V
d. I, II, and IV
c. III and V
Which of the following are true regarding PSI and PSII?
I. Both split water
II. Both have electrons excited by light
III. Only PSII is followed by an electron transport chain
IV. Only PSII electron transport chain pumps protons
V. Both occur in the thylakoid membrane
a. III, IV, and V
b. II, IV, and V
c. I and III
d. I, II, and III
b. II, IV, and V