Scientific Method
The variable that is changed on purpose by the scientist is...
What is the independent variable?
Genetic differences amongst an organism
What is a variation?
Identify 3 differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
- nucleus
- unicellular vs. multicellular
- size
- membrane bound organelles
What is the difference between passive and active transport?
Passive - no energy required
Active - requires ATP
What are two differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration
38 vs. 2 ATP
w/ O2 and w/o O2
The factors that are held constant during an experiment are called this...
What are controlled variables or factors?
A variation that HELPS an organism to survive and reproduce.
What is an adaptation?
Identify 3 differences between plant and animal cells
- round vs. rectangular
- chloroplast
- cell wall
- lysosome
- centriole
What is exocytosis and what is endocytosis? Are they active or passive transport?
endo - bring molecules in
exo - remove molecules from cell
ACTIVE
What is a heterotroph?
Organism that eats to get glucose
The ____ variable goes on the X-axis and the ____ variable goes on the Y-axis
Explain the difference between homologous and analogous structures.
homologous - similar structure, diff function (common ancestry)
analogous - similar function, diff structure, (no common ancestry)
What is the function of the large central vacuole?
Stores water and nutrients, gives structure and support to plant cell.
Identify the three types of passive transport discussed in class.
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added to the plane before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly.
What is the IV? What is the DV?
IV - mass of plane/number of paper clips added
DV - distance plane flies
The human tailbone, wisdom teeth, and appendix are all examples of ...
What is the function of the cell membrane?
controls what enters and exits the cell
A cell has 70% of water inside the cell and there is 10% of water in the solution outside of the cell.
What type of solution is the cell in?
Where is the water going to move?
What will happen to the size of the cell?
Hypertonic
Outside the cell
Cell will shrink
What is the difference between anabolic reactions and catabolic reactions?
catabolic - breaks down large molecules, releases energy
anabolic - builds large molecules, takes energy
A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added to the plane before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly.
Identify TWO control variables.
- same plane shape
- same paper clips
- same strength of throw
- same location of throw
Give an example of evolution that we discussed in class.
Pocket mouse, giraffes, insects, etc.
What are the three parts of the cell theory
2. all cells come from preexisting cells
3. cell is the basic unit of life
Identify something that would INCREASE the rate of diffusion.
Smaller cell size
Warmer temperatures
Increased concentration
If water was removed from a plant's environment, what would happen to the amount of glucose the plant would be able to make?
Fewer glucose molecules would be made.