Matter
Name all of the changes from one state of matter to another (solid <--> liquid, liquid <--> gas, gas <--> solid).
Solid to liquid = melting
Liquid to solid = freezing/fusion
Liquid to gas = evaporation/boiling/vaporization
Gas to liquid = condensation
Solid to gas = sublimation
Gas to solid = deposition
Which energy sublevel is the highest energy?
The f sublevel/orbital
How many electrons does it take to fill the d orbital?
20 electrons
What does each subatomic particle determine in the atom?
Protons and neutrons determine the mass of an atom, while electrons determine the energy.
Assign each of the following as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture:
Soda
Cereal
Pure water
Lead
Soda = homogeneous mixture
Cereal = heterogeneous mixture
Pure water = compound
Lead = element
What is wavelength and what is the relationship between energy and wavelength?
Wavelength is the distance between peaks of electromagnetic waves.
Shorter wavelength = higher energy
Longer wavelength = lower energy
What are the elements in group 1, 2, 7, and 8 called respectively? (hint: elements share similar properties within each group)
Group 1: Alkali metals
Group 2: Alkaline earth metals
Group 7: Halogens
Group 8: Noble Gases
Draw the lewis dot structure of the following element:
S
Sulfur should have six electrons around it with two electron pairs.
Which of the following is not a property of gas:
1. no definite shape or volume
2. particles have strong attraction to each other
3. particles move at high speed
4. particles take the shape and volume of their container
2. is not a property of gas -- particles have little attraction to each other
Explain how to electron energy levels generate the atomic spectrum.
When electrons absorb energy, they move to a higher energy level. When they fall back down to a lower energy level, energy is emitted as light, generating that element's atomic spectrum.
What is the full electron configuration for the following element:
Ca2-
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the following element:
72Ga2+
Protons: 31
Neutrons: 41
Electrons: 29
If 260g of ice are placed in an ice bag, how much heat, in kilojoules, is absorbed if all of the ice melts at 0oC?
86.8kJ
How many kilojoules are needed to raise the temperature of 125g of copper from 295K to 598K if copper has a specific heat of 0.385J/goC?
14.6kJ
Rank the following atoms in order of decreasing atomic radius/size.
Cl, F, At, Ba, Cs
Cs --> Ba --> At --> Cl --> F
Scientific notation: Order these numbers in increasing order:
0.00056
7.8 x 10-6
32500
4.2 x 104
7.8 x 10-6 --> 0.00056 --> 32500 --> 4.2 x 104
Draw the cooling curve for a substance that has a boiling point of 62oC (where its condenses) and a melting point of 10oC (where it freezes). Label the axis as "temperature" and "heat removed".
Will draw on board.
A runner burns 795 kcal during a marathon. How many kilojoules did the runner expend? Express your answer in scientific notation to the second decimal place.
3.33 x 103
Explain the trend of ionization energy on the periodic table and why.
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an atom's outermost electron. Ionization energy increases across a period because more protons are added, which creates a stronger pull on the electrons towards the nucleus. Ionization energy decreases going down a group because more valence shells are added, creating more distance between the outmost electrons and the nucleus.
Find the average atomic mass of an element with the following isotopes:
N-15 at 22.7% abundance
N-14 at 55.8% abundance
N-13 at 21.5% abundance
14.012amu