Periodic Trends
As we move to to the right down a period of elements the atomic size gets?
Smaller
An e- moves from n=5 to n=3 this is an emission/ absorbtion
emission
What is the electron configuration of Carbon?
1s22s22p2
What is the most stable e- configuration of potassium
A. K+
B. K2+
C. K
D. K-
A. K+
How many mols of hydrogen are in 2 mols of H20
4 mols
Why do atoms get bigger when we move down a column on the periodic table
More shells, shielding, and distance from nucleus
Electron A moves from n=5 to n=4. Electron B moves from n=3 to n=2 which electron emitted the lower frequency
Electron A
If I put my last electron in the 4s2 electron "spot"
where will my next electron go?
3d 1
Rank the series of ions from biggest to smallest.
K+ , Ca2+ , S2-
S2-, K+, Ca2+
After reading a free response question, the first thing you write down is what?
Reference equation
an atoms ____ is the amount of energy that is released upon the addition of an electron. This energy is High/Low when a group 7 element gains an electron.
Electron Affinity/ High
Which of the following sets of quantum numbers could possibly describe an electron in ground As
C. n=2 l=1 ml=-1 ms=-1
B. n=2 l=2 ml=-2 ms=-1/2
C. n=3 l=2 ml=-2 ms=1/2
D. None of these
D: None of these
What does "the ground up" mean when talking about filling electrons into shells.
You fill the lower energy orbitals before going up an energy level or orbital type
Which of these Ionizations is likely to require the most energy.
A. Li -> Li+ + e-
B. Al2+-> Al3+ +e-
C. K+ -> K2+ + e-
C. C. K+ -> K2+ + e-
* Trying to take an e- away from a "noble gas "
How is the molecular formula different from the empirical formula
Molecular formula is the formula that contains the exact amount of atoms in the molecule. The empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of the elements.
Elements with valance electrons is ___ orbitals are likely to react very quickly when they gain/lose Electrons and these reactions happen more vigorously as we move down a column/ group
S orbitals/ lose electrons
How many grams of C6H13NO2 are contained in 6.75x1023 molecules of this substance.
MM of C6H13NO2 = 131.13
6.75x1023 molecules x 131.13 g /6.022x1023=
147 G
The electron configuration of an element ending in 3p6 could possibly represent which ion.
A. Ca2+ D. O2-
B. S- E. V4+
C. F-
A. Ca2+
Elements with valence electrons in orbitals quantified by quantum number ml= 2 are most likely to ______ to become more stable by getting a full octet.
A. Gain
B. Lose
C. Stay the Same
D. Unable to tell
D. Unable to tell. D orbitals are weird and behave different than non metals and Alkali and Alkali Earth metals.
Mg has 12 protons. Chlorine has 17 protons. They are on the same row Why might an Mg2+ Ion be smaller than a Cl- atom
Mg2+ loses a the n=3 energy level and holds its remaining electrons tighter around it on the n=2 level.
Giving a chlorine atom an electron is likely to release (more/less) energy than giving an electron to a Fluorine atom. Also, to remove this electron again it would take (More/Less) energy to take the Electron away from the Fluorine vs the Chlorine. Why?
Less, More
A laser pulse with wavelength 532 nm contains 33.3 mj of energy. How many photons are in this laser pulse.
532 nm= 532x109 M
33.3 mj= .0333 J
E=h.c/v
8.91x1016 photons.
solve for E then E total/ E photon= Number of photons
What element in Row 3 is most likely to lose a valance electron in an l=1 orbital. Upon losing this electron give an example of a cation it might be isoelectric to, and state how mant more ionizations can it participate in before it sees a large jump in ionization energy.
Aluminum, Si2+, two more ionizations before jump
A SN2 reaction happens when a nucleophile attacks and kicks out a leaving group which is often an atom left with a - charge. In order for a group to leave it must be relatively stable. Which of the following atoms is likely to be the the best leaving group due to its ability to be stable as an anion A. Carbon B. Magnesium C. Chlorine D. Sodium
Chlorine. Cl- is noble gas configuration (super stable)
I am thinking of an element. This element is smaller than magnesium. This element does not use any D orbitals. In order to remove a 2nd electron from this atom I would be required to put in significantly more energy than the amount to remove the first electron. What element am I
Lithium