Ethics
A study tells participants they're testing memory, but the real focus is on social pressure. After the study, researchers explain the true purpose. What ethical principle is this?
Debriefing
A researcher watches students interact in a cafeteria without interfering. Why is this method valuable?
It provides authentic data on natural behavior (Naturalistic Observation)
Devon believes his life choices come from his own personal growth and self-driven potential. Which perspective?
Humanistic
Priya only reads reviews that confirm the phone she already bought was the best choice. What bias?
Confirmation Bias
Brothers separated at birth grew up in vastly different households. What debate does this highlight?
Nature vs. Nurture
Why do researchers keep participants' personal information private?
Confidentiality
Which method lets psychologists establish cause-and-effect through manipulating variables?
Experiment
A researcher studies why fear responses might have helped early humans avoid danger. Which perspective?
Evolutionary
Serena wears the same socks every match because she thinks they bring good luck. What is this?
Perceiving Patterns in Random Events
The adoption agency never told the families their children were part of a comparison study. What principle was violated?
Informed Consent
What is the main purpose of the IRB before a study can proceed?
To ensure ethical guidelines protect participants
A psychologist studies one man for years after a stroke left him unable to recognize faces. What type of study?
Case study, like Phineas Gage or Henry Molaison
A trainer teaches a parrot to say a word by rewarding it with a treat each time. Which perspective?
Behavioral
Jasmine is certain she'll pass her driving test without practicing, but fails. What does this show?
Overconfidence
Despite different upbringings, the triplets shared mannerisms and interests. What does this suggest?
Genetics strongly influences personality and behavior
A participant in a taste-test study decides midway through that they want to stop. What principle guarantees this?
Right to withdraw
What is a strength of using a survey as a research tool?
LOTS of info fairly easily
After missing a shot, Malik thinks "I always mess up," which makes him want to quit. Which perspective?
Cognitive
After a close election, a voter says, "I knew that candidate would win the whole time." What is this?
Hindsight bias
Why do many consider the study ethically indefensible despite its interesting findings on genetics?
Because the value of the findings doesn't justify the harm caused to participants who never consented
Why must researchers get informed consent before a study begins?
So participants understand what they're agreeing to beforehand
A school wants to know if a new tutoring method improves grades, and how widespread student stress is. Which combination fits best?
Experiment for the causal question, survey for the prevalence question
Priya takes medication targeting dopamine levels to manage her ADHD symptoms. Which perspective?
Biological
What is the key difference between hindsight bias and overconfidence?
Hindsight bias overestimates what we knew in the past; overconfidence overestimates what we know now
What does the tragic outcome for one of the brothers later in life suggest about the risks of unethical research?
That failing to protect participants from harm can have severe, lasting real-world consequences