MEMORY
Likens human memory to computer operations;
1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval
What is the Information Processing Model?
A pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information, and the relationships among them.
What is a schema?
Any event or situation that evokes a response
What is a stimulus?
Sense of powerlessness that one may experience, after a series of perceived failures. May lead to hopelessness and passive resignation; "Giving up" because they believe that they have no control over the outcome.
What is Learned Helplessness?
Information processing of which we are unaware
What is unconscious?
Unconscious encoding of incidental information (example: space and time)
What is automatic processing?
The awareness that things continue to exist, even when not perceived(seen/heard.etc)
What is object permanence?
The process of acquiring through experience, new and relatively enduring information or behaviors
What is learning?
A disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overly excited state of mania.
What is Biploar Disorder?
Freud's concept of the "Executive" part of personality. Mediator between the desire to satisfy basic drives (immediate gratification), and the restraining demands of the "reasoning" part of the personality(which considers the long-term consequences). This componant of personality is also described as being the "conscience"
What is the ego?
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
What are mnemonics?
Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
What is assimilation?
Type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli, thus anticipating events.
What is classical conditioning?
A prolonged state of hopeless depression; Must last two or more weeks and present with five or more specific symptoms, ranging from depressed mood to lethargy, often including sleep changes, changes in appetite and difficulty with memory/concentration.
What is Major Depressive Disorder?
Readiness to perceive one's self favorably. Example: If I dod well on an exam, it is because I am smart. If I do poorly on an exam, it is because it was a poorly written test.
What is self-serving bias?
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information
What is the Testing Effect?
Adapting our current understanding(schemas) to incorporate new information
What is accommodation?
Increases/ strengthens behaviors by stopping/reducing a negative stimulus(ex. seat belt signal-beeps until you buckle up)
What is Negative Reinforcement?
Compulsive "fretting". Overthinking about our problems and their causes.
What is Rumination?
Excessive self-love and self- absorption
What is narcissism?
Explicit(conscious) memory of facts and general knowledge
Maturation of this part of the brain, lags behind the development of the emotional limbic system. This, combined with a surge of hormones, helps to explain their sometimes impulsive and risky behavior
What are the frontal lobes?
A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer, or diminished/eliminated if followed by a punisher.
What is operant learning?
A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or inappropriate emotional expression
What is Schizophrenia?
Giving priority to the goals of one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
What is individualism?