Earth Science
Name the four layers of the Earth.
What are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core?
Define evaporation.
What is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas, typically due to heat?
The sun is the center of what system?
: What is the solar system?
What is the study of weather called?
What is meteorology?
What causes the moon’s phases?
What is the moon’s orbit around Earth, changing how much of its illuminated side is visible from Earth?
What are the three types of rock found in Earth’s crust?
What are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic?
Define precipitation.
What is any form of water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface, including rain, snow, sleet, or hail?
Why do we only see one side of the moon from Earth?
What is synchronous rotation?
What measures the amount of water vapor in the air?
What is humidity?
Name the layers of Earth’s atmosphere.
What are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere?
Describe what happens at a convergent boundary.
What is the collision of plates forming mountains or subduction zones, which can create volcanoes?
What are the five properties of air meteorologists measure to predict weather?
What are temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed and direction, and precipitation?
Describe how the moon influences tides.
What is the moon’s gravitational pull causing ocean bulges, leading to two high tides and two low tides daily?
Why is air pressure important when predicting weather?
What is because it influences wind patterns, cloud formation, and precipitation?
Draw and describe a cumulus cloud.
What is a fluffy, white cloud often associated with fair weather?
Differentiate between mechanical and chemical weathering.
What is mechanical weathering breaking rocks physically (e.g., frost wedging or abrasion), and chemical weathering changing rock composition (e.g., acid rain dissolving limestone)?
Describe the weather in a low-pressure area.
What is cloudy, stormy weather with rising air?
Using the sun’s movement, how can we order our days?
What is by measuring day and night cycles using shadows, such as with sundials?
What is a front?
What is the area where a warm air mass meets a cold air mass?
Draw and describe a cirrus cloud.
What is a thin, wispy, high-altitude cloud?
Explain how tectonic plates shape Earth’s surface at transform boundaries.
What is plates sliding past each other, causing earthquakes?
Explain the difference between weather and climate.
What is weather being short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific area, and climate being long-term average weather patterns of a region?
Name the layers of the sun in order from the core outward.
What are the core, radiative zone, convective zone, photosphere, chromosphere, and corona?
Explain the greenhouse effect and what primarily controls it.
What is the warming of Earth’s surface due to gases like carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane trapping heat from the sun?
Defend the idea that science and faith complement each other, referencing Genesis 1:14-15.
What is the idea that God’s creation provides the framework for scientific exploration, such as the sun and moon for marking time and seasons?