Stein's Intro
The change in gender roles as women partake in activism.
What was the result when women were pushed into roles of public leadership and challenging family structures?
Unger shows that enslaved women’s refusal to properly fertilize or terrace fields was not incompetence but this.
What is a strategic form of environmental resistance?
What is ecofeminism?
"Capitalist exploitation of resources was connected to the degradation of nature and women"
Movement connecting environmental issues with civil rights and social justice.
What is the environmental justice movement?
Stein claims this natural aspect of human life is a topic of growing importance for environmental justice studies.
What is sexuality?
Stein's meaning behind explaining how sexuality has been policed, exploited, and targeted through environmental policies
What is an argument that sexuality must be included in environmental justice analysis?
Theme that connects Native American women, Enslaved women, and early 20th century reformers.
What is sexuality and reproductive control as a form of environmental or social resistance?
In the Urban Environment Conference of 1985, this DISEASE was linked with race and poverty.
What is cancer?
What is the community level/bottom-up organizing?
Grassroots environmental justice movements are very powerful because they built from this level, through the community.
What percentage of women deaths are heart disease related?
Approximately 20%
Stein says this strategic reason explains why gender equality wasn’t explicitly foregrounded in early EJ movements.
What is the focus on survival (race/class issues) to build broad coalitions?
This early 20th‑century activist believed birth control could end working‑class women’s sexual subservience.
Who is Margaret Sanger?
Book about the environmental effects of pesticide use, written by Carson. Seen as a pivotal moment in environmental justice.
Silent Spring (1962)
Unger, Stein, and Sanger all show that this dimension of women's lives, while often controlled and exploited, can be a site of resistance.
What is sexuality/reproduction?
All three authors show that environmental justice activism is deeply shaped by this intersection of these FOUR identity categories.
Race, Gender, Class, Sexuality
This term describes Stein’s argument that the body itself can be polluted, harmed, or colonized just like land or water.
What is the body as an environment?
The deeper connection that Unger draws between enslaved women's reproductive resistance and national political conflict.
How did enslaved women drive the push for land (less born into slavery, more slaves needed to be acquired in other ways)?
It evaluates contamination sites. It takes 20% longer to evaluate minority communities to determine if they should be place on the list.
What is the Hazard Ranking System?
Stein's argument that environmental justice activism frequently transforms these traditional social structures within families.
What are gender roles?
Sanger's meaning when stating the right of every woman is to be ‘absolute mistress of her own body.’
What is women's reproductive autonomy?
Stein argues that environmental justice must expand beyond pollution and land use to include this broader domain of harm.
What is the vulnerability of bodies (especially gendered and sexualized bodies) to environmental injustice?
Unger’s examples of Native American and enslaved women show that environmental justice has roots long before the 1980s because of this recurring pattern.
What is the use of reproductive and gendered labor as a form of environmental resistance?
The FOUR types of feminism (according to ecofeminism scholars)
What are Liberal, Marxist, Radical, and Socialist?
Stein’s examples of women activists like Hazel Johnson and the Mothers of East L.A. demonstrate that environmental justice activism often emerges from this intersection of identity and responsibility.
What is the intersection of caregiving roles and community survival?
Stein states that this group makes up roughly 90% of many environmental justice organizations.
Who are women (especially women of color and working-class women)?