CRISPR Basics
CRISPR was first discovered in this type of organism as a type of anti-virus immune system.
What is bacteria?
The twins were born in this country.
What is China?
How sweet! Thanks to advances in gene editing technology in the 1990's, this hormone is no longer harvested from pigs to treat diabetes in humans.
What is "insulin"?
Jokes on you! He took credit for being the first scientist to use CRISPR on the world's first genetically modified babies.
Who is Jiankui He?
Most countries have this stance on embryonic stem cell gene editing.
What is banned or made illegal?
This sequence of nucleic acids is ~20 nucleotides long and complements the target DNA sequence to be cut.
What is "guide RNA"?
The name of their gene that was targeted for editing by CRISPR-Cas9.
What is CCR5?
The term for a new genetic sequence added into an organism's genome.
What is a "transgene"?
He broke the story of the world's first genetically modified babies by publishing it for MIT Technology Review.
Who is Antonio Regalado?
Public sentiment toward gene editing is favorable when it is used for these general type of genetic conditions.
What are fatal, deadly, or disabling conditions?
Nice good game! CRISPR will bind to these short nucleotide sequences which are found everywhere in the genome.
What is NGG or "PAM"?
The potential off-target effect from their edited gene which raises the specter of "designer babies"
What is increased intelligence or improved cognition?
RNA polymerase knows where to start on a transgene because of this region upstream, and, no, it doesn't give out raises.
What is a "promoter"?
Hello stranger, what are you buying? This former NASA scientist operates The ODIN which publicly sells DIY CRISPR kits online.
Who is Josiah Zayner?
A category of gene therapy that includes modifying gametes, germ cells, or embryonic stem cells.
What is "germline gene therapy"?
The term used to describe the process of changing a gene sequence in order to deactivate that gene's expression.
What is "knockout"?
It's cyan! This university was formerly associated with the research experiment which genetically modified these twins.
What is Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)?
How's it glowing? This gene is added to provide a visual confirmation that the gene edit worked.
What is "reporter"?
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to this duo for discovering how to use CRISPR-Cas9 as a pair of genetic scissors.
Who are Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier?
This "dividing" social issue is often offered as an ethical concern for the editing genes like height or intelligence
What is "class inequity/inequality"?
CRISPR is an acronym for this.
What is "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats"?
What is "cell-free DNA"?
The gene editing technology involving bacteria was de rigueur before CRISPR made it gauche.
What is "plasmid recombination"?
Who is James Watson?
If you got $3 million to spare, this genetic condition can be cured by the most expensive medical treatment in the world.
What is hemophilia?