Mutations
What is the action called when a single nucleotide is swapped for another?
substitution
What is the process of a gene being transcribed and translated into products (proteins or functional RNA) called?
gene expression
What is the term for the shape and form of an organism or its parts?
morphology
What is the addition of a single nucleotide within a sequence called?
insertion
What is the term for the various processes that enable a gene to be expressed (or not) in specific cells at specific times and allow the proteins to be produced at required rates?
gene regulation
What is the name for a gene that encodes a polypeptide essential for basic cellular processes?
housekeeping gene
What is the mutation that affects a single base-pair position within a gene called?
point mutation
What is the basic structural unit of chromatin, comprising of a DNA strand wrapped tightly around a group of eight histone proteins called?
nucleosome
What is the name for a regulatory protein whose function is to activate or inhibit transcription of coding DNA by binding to specific non-coding segments near the gene to be expressed or inhibited
transcription factor
What is a mutation that dislocates the translational reading frame called?
frameshift mutation
What is a tightly coiled complex of proteins and DNA that is characterised by few genes and limited transcription activity called?
heterochromatin
What is the family of genes that codes for proteins that regulate the body plan in the developing embryo called?
HOX genes
What is the region of a ribosome’s called that divide nucleotides into triplets for translation and shifts by insertion or deletion mutations?
reading frame
What is a loosely coiled complex of proteins and DNA that is characterised by many genes and high transcription called?
euchromatin
What is the name of the specific protein produced in the egg that convey positional information in the egg and identifies the future embryo’s anterior (front) end.
Bicoid protein