Terrific Transcription
The enzyme responsible for synthesizing pre-mRNA from a DNA template.
RNA polymerase
The cellular organelle where translation takes place.
The ribosome
A mutation involving the swap of a single nucleotide base for another.
a substitution mutation (or point mutation)
What is a metabolic pathway
a linked series of chemical reactions in a cell
The specific DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.
the promoter (or promoter region)
The three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
A codon
The devastating effect on a protein's reading frame caused by inserting or deleting a single nucleotide base.
a frameshift mutation
What controls these pathways
Enzymes
The strand of DNA that is complementary to the pre-mRNA molecule being synthesized.
template strand (or antisense strand)?
The molecule that brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome by matching its anticodon to the mRNA.
A mutation that accidentally introduces an early stop codon, shortening the resulting protein.
a nonsense mutation
How could temp affect these pathways
Because they are enzyme controlled reactions if there is a drop or raise in temp the enzymes could slow down or denature completely
what is the Main role of mRNA
Acts as a mobile molecular blueprint, copying the specific sequence of a protein-coding gene from DNA and delivering it to the ribosome.
The unique property of the genetic code meaning multiple codons can code for the exact same amino acid.
degenerate (or redundant)
A mutation that alters the codon but still codes for the exact same amino acid, causing no change to the final protein.
a silent mutation
What is an example of a metabolic pathway we have learnt so far
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Effect of a single base change
It causes a point mutation, which might change one amino acid in the protein, create a premature stop, or have no effect at all.
This specific codon signals the ribosome to begin translation and codes for methionine.
Start codon (AUG)
Do all mutations affect offspring?
Only gametic mutations (in sperm or egg cells) are passed to the next generation.
Somatic mutations (in body cells) affect only the individual.
complete this
______+_______= Phenotype
Enviro + genotype = Phenotype