DNA/RNA
DNA AND RNA ARE WHAT TYPE OF MACROMOLECULE
NUCLEIC ACIDS OR POLYNUCLEOTIDES
WHERE DOES TRANSCRIPTION BEGIN & WHERE DOES IT END?
PROMOTOR
TERMINATOR
THIS ENZYME BREAKS THE HYDROGEN BONDS BETWEEN DNA NUCLEOTIDES BEFORE LAYING DOWN RNA NUCLEOTIDES, MAKING A STRAND OF MRNA.
RNA POLYMERASE
WHERE DOES TRANSLATION BEGIN AND WHERE DOES IT END?
START CODON
END CODON
IN TERMS OF PROTEIN STRUCTURES (PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY, QUATERNARY), WHAT IS THE FINAL PRODUCT OF TRANSLATION
PRIMARY STRUCTURE - POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN.
COVALENT BONDS ARE LOCATED WHERE IN A STRAND OF DNA.
HYDROGEN BONDS ARE LOCATED WHERE IN A STRAND OF RNA
COVALENT BONDS ARE BETWEEN SUGAR-PHOSPAHTES
HYDROGEN BONDS ARE BETWEEN NITROGENOUS BASES
IN THE MRNA STRAND BELOW, HOW MANY CODONS ARE THERE?
GAGUACAUGAUG
4
WHERE ARE GENES LOCATED?
WHAT STRUCTURE IS REQURIED FOR TRNALSATION TO TAKE PLACE?
RIBOSOME
WHERE DOES TRANSLATION OCCUR IN THE CELL
CYTOPLASM
THESE ARE COVALENT BONDS BETWEEN NUCLEOTIDES
THESE ARE COVALENT BONDS BETWEEN AMINO ACIDS
PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS
PEPITDE BONDS
WHAT IS THE END PRODUCE OF TRANSCRIPTION.
MRNA
WHAT IS THE GOAL OF TRANSCRIPTION?
TO CONVERT DNA INTO MRNA
HOW DOES TRNA KNOW WHERE TO PLACE SPECIFIC AMINO ACIDS IN A POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN.
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF RNA?
WHAT ARE THEIR FUNCTIONS?
1. RRNA - RIBOSOMAL - MAKES UP RIBOSOMES
2. MRNA - MESSENGER - BRINGS MESSAGE TO RIBOSOME
3. TRNA - TRANSFER - TRANSFERS AMINO ACIDS TO RIBOSOME
WHAT ARE THREE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RNA AND DNA.
1. DNA - DOUBLE STRANDED RNA - SINGLE STRANDED
2. DNA - DEOXYRIBOSE RNA - RIBOSE
3. DNA - THYMINE RNA - URACIL
GAGTATCG
PUT THESE IN CORRECT ORDER:
1. DNA RE-FORMS
2. RNA POLYMERASE USES A DNA TEMPLATE TO BIND RNA NUCLOETIDES TOGETHER INTO A MRNA STRAND
3. RNA POLYMERASE BINDS TO PROMOTOR
4. RNA POLYMERASE SEPRATES DNA STRANDS
5. TERMINATOR IS REACHED, RNA POLYMERASE UNBINDS, MRNA IS FORMED
3 --> 4 --> 2 --> 5 --> 1
PUT THESE IN THE CORRECT ORDER FOR WHICH THEY OCCUR:
1. mRNA binds to the ribosome at the Start Codon
2. Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds into polypeptide chain until STOP codon is reached
3. Ribosome breaks apart, mRNA disassociates, and polypeptide chain is fully formed
4. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome as mRNA is read one codon at a time
1. --> 4 --> 2 --> 3
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING DNA STRAND WHAT AMINO ACID SEQUENCE (POLYPEPTIDE) WOULD BE MADE:
DNA: GACGGCAAA
MRNA: CUG - CCG - UUU
POLYPEPTIDE: LEU - PRO - PHE
MATCH THE FOLLOWING TERMS TO DNA REPLICATION - TRANSCRIPTION - TRANSLATION:
HELICASE, RNA POLYMERASE, RNA PRIMASE, RIBOSOME, TRNA, DNA POLYMERASE, ORIGIN OF REPLICATION, RRNA
DNA REPLICATION: ORIGIN OF REPLICATION, RNA PRIMASE, HELICASE, DNA POLYMERASE
TRANSCRIPTION: RNA POLYMERASE
TRANSLATION: TRANA, RIBOSOME, RRNA
IN PROKARYOTES, TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION OCCUR SIMULATENOUSLY. IN EUKARYOTES, TRANSCRIPTION MUST OCCUR BEFORE TRANSLATION WHY?
(hint - think of where they occur)
Eukaryotes - TRANSCRIPTION OCCURS IN THE NUCLEUS AND MRNA MUST BE TRANSPORTED OUT TO THE CYTOPLASM
WHAT WOULD BE THE CONSEQUENCE IF RNA POLYMERASE WAS UNABLE TO ADD NUCLEOTIDES TO A GROWING STRAND
THE DNA STRAND COULD SEPARATE BUT NO MRNA STRAND WOULD BE FORMED
WHAT WOULD BE THE CONSEQUENCE OF A MUTATION THAT CHANGES THE STRAND
AUG - GUC - CCC - UAA
TO
AUC - GUC - CCC - UAA
TRANSLATION WOULD NEVER BEIGN BECASUE THERE IS NO START CODON
List 6 proteins
(+100 for each extra protein listed)
- nuclease - RNA Primase
- ligase - ATP Synthase
- RNA Polymerase - Lactase
- DNA polymerase