Evolution
Processess by which beneficial traits become more common through differential survival or reproduction
Selection
Principle describing genetic stability in the absence of evolution
Hardy-Weinberg
A structure that no longer serves its original purpose
Vestigial
Mutation or allele with no effect on fitness
Neutral
Concealing appearance for survival
Camouflage
Similarities in traits due to shared ancestry
Homology
Genetic effect seen when a new population is started by a small group
Founder
Mutation or allele with no effect on fitness
Neutral
The existence of multiple forms (alleles) in a population
Polymorphism
Change in DNA sequence introducing new alleles
Mutation
Small-scale changes in allele frequencies in a population
Microevolution
Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration
Gene Flow
Fossil showing a link between birds and dinosaurs
Archaeopteryx
Random Changes in allele frequencies, especially in smaller population
Drift
Similarity in traits due to shared ancestry
Homology
Trait shaped by natural selection to improve survival or reproduction
Adaptation
Type of selection maintaining diversity in a population
Trait that increases an individual's reproductive success
Advantage
All alleles in a population at a given time
Gene pool
Diagram showing evolutionary relationships among species
Phylogeny
Sharp reduction in population size that reduces genetic diversity
Bottleneck
Genetic state where allele frequencies remain constant
Equilibrium
Limitations imposed by existing traits or historical factors in evolution
Constraints
Genetic makeup of an organism
Genotype
Physical expression of a genotype
Phenotype