Prokaryotic
a unit made up of linked genes that are controlled by a shared operator
operon
binds specific transcription factors to regulate transcription initiation in eukaryotic cells
Enhancer
What is the process of cells becoming specialized during development called?
Differentiation
what binds the rna polymerase and the promoter
transcription factors
Name the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the linking of nucleotides to form RNA during transcription
RNA polymerase
DNA segment that a repressor binds with to prevent transcription
Operator
Process involving the production of different combinations of exons from the same gene
Alternative splicing
What chemical process permanently deactivates DNA?
DNA Methylation
What is the process of splicing exons of the primary transcript of mRNA called?
RNA splicing
Which type of mutation results in the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, often causing a shift
Frameshift mutation
type of operon in prokaryotic cells that is always active until something turns it off
Repressible operon
What is added to the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA before leaving the nucleus?
Poly-A-tail
What is the term for a cell with the potential to become any type of cell in an organism?
Totipotent Cell
Which enzyme synthesizes RNA during transcription in cells?
RNA polymerase
Name the regulatory protein that binds to the operator in prokaryotic cells to prevent transcription
Repressor
operon in prokaryotic cells that encodes catabolic enzymes and is inducible
Lac Operon
regulate the development of body structures in animals by controlling the expression of other genes involved in pattern formation.
Homeotic/Hox Genes
After cleavage, development in animals accompanied by mass movement of cells is called?
Gastrulation
Double-stranded RNA molecules that mediate RNA interference by guiding the degradation of specific mRNA targes to regulate gene expression.
SiRNA
Short RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in mRNA to control mRNA stability of translation.
Micro RNA (miRNA)
Small molecule that binds to a repressor protein, making it inactive and allows transcription to occur in an inducible operon
Inducer
What process loosens chromatin structure, and enhances transcription
Histone acetylation
an early embryo typically having the form of a hollow fluid-filled rounded cavity bounded by a single layer of cells
Blastula
What is the term for the process that influences gene expression without changing the DNA sequence in cells?
Epigenetics
What is the term for a gene that can cause cancer when mutated or overexpressed?
Oncogene