Fun zone :D
This results from the binding of a transcription
factor to an enhancer region.
What is the recruitment of RNA polymerase?
Consists of a regulator gene, operator, and repressor.
What is in a basic operon?
Most cells within an organism ___________ capable of becoming any cell type.
genetically identical and totipotent
This helps initiate the transcription of a certain gene.
What is a promoter?
Histone acetylation loosens chromatin structure, promoting transcription.
DNA methylation reduces transcription.
What are types of chromatin modification?
Gene regulation importance.
What is ensuring that the right genes are expressed at the right times and in the right cells.
What is miRNA?
MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded ncRNAs involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Prokaryote gene regulation is typically _______ feedback. Eukaryotic gene regulation is typically _______ feedback.
What is negative and positive?
Insertion and deletion of a non-multiple of three results in this type of mutation.
What is a frameshift mutation?
Binding of an RNA binding protein will ________ the
stability of the RNA molecule.
a. increase
b. decrease
c. neither increase nor decrease
d. either increase or decrease
d. either increase or decrease
Repressor proteins attach to this part of the enzyme.
What is an allosteric site?
What do inducible operons require?
They require an inducer molecule to deactivate the repressor and initiate transcription.
Eukaryotic gene expression involves ______ ______, not present in prokaryotic gene expression.
What are nonhistone proteins?
What happens during alternative RNA splicing?
Introns are excised, and exons of the same gene are joined. There is also the addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A-tail at the 3' end occurs.
This molecule attaches to a protein to flag it for degradation.
What is Ubitiquin?
a. control of RNA splicing
b. control of RNA shuttling
c. control of RNA stability
What RNA processes are involved in post transcriptional control?
In the trp operon responsible for tryptophan synthesis, it can be turned off by tryptophan, which acts as a ______ in the negative feedback loop.
corepressor
The lac operon consists of regulatory regions such as the promoter as well as the structural genes lacZ, lacY, and lacA, which code for proteins involved in lactose metabolism. What would be the outcome of a mutation in one of the structural genes of the lac operon?
a. Mutation in structural genes will stop transcription.
b. Mutated lacY will produce an abnormal β galactosidase protein.
c. Mutated lacA will produce a protein that will transfer an acetyl group to β galactosidase.
d. Transcription will continue but lactose will not be metabolized properly.
d. Transcription will continue but lactose will not be metabolized properly.
This type of gene regulation happens when with repressible and inducible operons, where a repressor protein binds to the operator site, inhibiting transcription.
What is negative gene regulation?
This type of RNA constitutes a class of double-stranded ncRNAs, used to temporarily silence a gene.
What are siRNAs?
% of the AP exam that is gene regulation.
What is 12-16%?
The regulator gene produces a _______ _______ that can inhibit operon transcription by binding to the operator.
repressor protein
What chemical process permanently deactivates DNA?
DNA methylation
What is an example of an inducible operon?
The lac operon is induced by allolactose, allowing transcription when lactose is present.
Small, single-stranded RNA that bind to a complementary sequence of mRNA to mark it for destruction.
What is microRNA?