SET 1
an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals
autotrophs (producers)
Because autotrophs produce their own food, they are sometimes called producers. (Heterotrophs – consumers)
- Divided into 2 types: Chemoautotrophs and Photoautotrophs
an organelle found in plant cells that is responsible for photosynthesis
chloroplast
a nucleotide found in the mitochondria of all plant and animal cells. It is the major source of energy for cellular reactions, this energy being released during its conversion to ADP
ATP
a concept of coupling two biological reactions
Energy coupling
—require an input of energy.
—Absorb energy by forming chemical bonds of smaller reactants to produce larger product
Endergonic reaction
define photosynthesis
A process by which photoautotrophs like green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen which occurs in the chloroplast.
name the three key stages of cell respiration
glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), and the electron transport chain
a colored substance that absorbs some wavelength of light and reflects others, responsible for the color of many plants, animals, and other organisms
pigment
Chlorophyll, Anthocyanins, Carotenoids, Betalains
What is B in the chemical reaction?
A====>B
B = Products
Two main products of Photosynthesis.
oxygen and glucose
Hydrolysis is the ____ of water. This is used for ATP to form ADP. Hydrolysis is exergonic/catabolic.
addition
They are responsible for the bright yellow, orange, and red colors of many fruits, vegetables, and flowers
carotenoids
The green chemical in the chloroplasts that absorbs and stores energy from the sun
chlorophyll
Where does cellular respiration take place?
mitochondria and cytoplasm
what is the importance of a ATP?
it is used to transfer energy into living things
compare chlorophyll a and b
CHLOROPHYLL A
Chlorophyll a is the most common type of chlorophyll. It is found in all photosynthetic organisms, including plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. responsible for the green color of plants. Algae Cyanobacteria Plants
CHLOROPHYLL B
found in plants and some algae, but it is not found in cyanobacteria. Chlorophyll b has a slightly different structure than chlorophyll a, and it absorbs light in a slightly different range of wavelengths. Phytoplankton Plants Seaweed
Describe the difference between ADP structure and ATP structure.
ADP has 2 phosphate groups, 1 ribose-sugar, and 1 adenine (nitrogenous base) whereas ATP has 3 phosphate groups, 1 ribose-sugar, and 1 adenine (nitrogenous base)
The range of all wavelengths of radiant energy from shortest to longest.
electromagnetic spectrum
RED MARTIANS INVADE VENUS USING XRAY GUNS
what are thylakoids?
This structure stacks chlorophyll in membranes to increase light capture.
The tiny pores in the bottom of leaves that take in carbon dioxide from the air
Stomata
compare light reaction and dark reaction
LIGHT REACTIONS
location - Thylakoid
reactants - Light, H20, ADP, NADP+
products - Oxygen, ATP, NADPH
CALVIN CYCLE
location - Stroma
reactants - CO2, NADPH, ATP
products - Glucose, ADP, NADP+
What is the Cellular Respiration equation?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP
differentiate photosynthesis and cell respiration
Photosynthetic organisms remove carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere. Organisms then carry out cellular respiration, removing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. This continual cycling of oxygen and carbon dioxide allows for life on Earth to exist as we know it!
how do we see colors? (example a green color)
green is reflected
others are absorbed
explain why ATP is like a rechargable battery
ATP is like a rechargeable battery because it stores energy in its chemical bonds and releases it when a phosphate group is broken off, converting it to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). This "discharged" ADP can then be "recharged" back into ATP using energy from food during cellular respiration, allowing the cell to continuously cycle between a charged and discharged state for its energy needs.