N-er-G
What is the Second law of thermodynamics?
The universe is increasing in disorder
When an end product is used as an inhibitor to stop a reaction when there is enough product made, this is known as
Negative Feedback
Energy bounces around in PSII or PSI untill it reaches P680 or P700 to excite the electron.
Resonance Energy Transfer
In Mitosis the ploidy of the daughter cells is ____, while the ploidy of the parent cell is ____.
Diploid, Diploid
From which country do French fries originate?
Belgium
Enzymes catalyze reactions by __________
Lowering the energy of activation required
These three steps make up the process of cellular respiration...
1.) Glycolysis
2.) Krebs Cycle
3.) Electron Transport Chain
The light harvesting reactions take place in this part of the chloroplasts.
What is the thylakoid membrane.
In Meiosis, what is the ploidy of the daughter cell compared to the parent cell?
Daughter - haploid
Parent - diploid
T/F There are more trees on Earth than stars in the Milky Way galaxy
T
Hydrolysis of ATP produces a ΔG of -7.3 kcal/mol. Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic?
Is this reaction spontaneous? Why?
Exergonic
Yes -- does not require energy input
What is the product of glycolysis that is required for the Krebs cycle?
Pyruvate
In C3 plants carbon fixation happens with _____, In C4/CAM carbon fixation happens with _____?
RUBISCO, PEP carboxylase
Name the types of microtubules used in mitosis and their function.
Astral- anchor centrosome
Polar- move through the cell until start to overlap; find the center of the cell.
Kinetochore - bind to chromosomes, move them to middle and pull.
The total surface area of this organ would cover a handball court (1/2 a tennis court)
lungs
_________ bind enzymes to help promote reactions, commonly divalent cations
_________ link to the surface of an enzyme to help the enzyme in its reaction.
1.) cofactors
2.) prosthetic groups
These two intermediates deposit electrons into the electron transport chain.
One is produced only in the Krebs cycle, which one is it?
1.) NADH and FADH2
2.) FADH2 is only produced in the Krebs cycle, NADH is produced in both the Krebs cycle and glycolysis
How much energy, and in what stages, does the Calvin cycle require.
18 ATP. 12 NADH. 12 atp/12 nadh in the reduction phase. 6 ATP in regeneration phase
If once the cell divides in mitosis, one cell has more chromosomes than the other, what checkpoint went wrong?
S
Where does the carbon coming into the Calvin cycle come from?
Atmosphere! Plants get rid of CO2 and turn it into sugars! (chemical energy)
What is induced fit?
Substrate level: directly phosphorylated
Oxidative: phosphorylated by energy from the electron transport chain
The energy from PSII and P680 is used to do what?
Pump H+ ions across thylakoid membrane.
Name stages of Meiosis and brief description of what happens in each.
Prophase 1 - replicated chromosomes + paired homologous chromosomes
Metaphase 1 - line up homologous chromosomes on metaphase plate.
Anaphase 1 -pull apart homologous chromosomes
Telophase 1 - non-identical sister chromatids, nuclear envelope forms
Prophase 2 - NO replication;
Metaphase 2 - line up sister chromosomes
Anaphase 2 - pull apart sister chromatids
Telophase 2 - nuclear envelope reform, now have 4 haploid cells.
Bullet ant