Levels of Organization
What is the basic unit of life?
The Cell
What organ pumps blood throughout the body?
The heart
Which system removes liquid waste and regulates water/pH balance?
Excretory (Urinary) system
What is the definition of homeostasis?
Maintaining stable internal conditions despite external changes
What process produces two identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
Tissues are made up of many similar _______.
Cells
Name the three types of blood vessels.
Arteries, veins, capillaries
Name two major organs/structures of the respiratory system.
Lungs, trachea (also diaphragm, bronchi, nose/mouth)
Sweating on a hot day is an example of what kind of feedback?
Negative feedback
How many chromosomes do humans have in somatic cells?
46
Organs are made of different types of ______ that work together.
Tissues
What protein in red blood cells carries oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Hemoglobin
What system protects against external threats and regulates body temperature?
Integumentary system
Which type of feedback loop makes a change stronger until an event is finished?
Positive feedback
What are chromosomes?
Bundles of DNA (genetic information)
Name the correct order of organization from smallest to largest.
Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
What vessel carries oxygen-poor blood from the body into the heart?
Vena cava (Superior/Inferior)
Which system controls the body through electrical signals?
Nervous system
Give one example of positive feedback in the human body.
Childbirth contractions OR blood clotting
Name two reasons why our bodies need mitosis.
Growth, repair, replacement of dead cells
Explain how tissues and organs differ in their structure and function.
Tissues are groups of similar cells with one function; organs contain multiple tissue types working together for one or more functions.
State the path of blood from the right atrium until it returns to the left atrium.
Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium
Describe how two different body systems interact with each other.
(several possible answers)
Compare negative and positive feedback in terms of stability.
Negative feedback maintains stability; positive feedback increases change until an event is completed.
Explain how cells with the same DNA can become different types of cells (like muscle vs. nerve).
Through differentiation, where cells express different genes.