Darwin & Wallace
At which location did Charles Darwin do most of his discovery?
Galapagos Islands
What are fossils?
Preserved remains or impressions of once-living organisms.
What is natural selection?
Proposed by Charles Darwin. A mechanism that produces adaptations based on reproductive success. Acts on phenotypes.
What is a population?
Members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time.
What is hybridization?
When two species breed with each other, and produce fertile offspring.
What was the name of the ship Darwin sailed across the world on?
H.M.S. Beagle
A species that is living on earth today.
Define survival of the fittest.
the ability for an organism to survive in order to reproduce and leave its offspring to the next generation.
What is microevolution?
Species which are populations that form from the discrete phenetic cluster that we recognize as species because the ecological and evolutionary processes controlling how resources are divided up tend to produce those clusters. (oak trees)
Charles Lyell
What is the difference between relative dating and radiometric dating?
Relative dating- determining the age of the fossil from its position relative to layers of rocks or fossils of known age
Radiometric dating- use radioactive isotopes as a measure (C-14)
Why does pesticide resistance happen?
The pests adapt to the pesticide. That is why we need more and more each year.
What is the founder effect?
A few individuals from a population start a new population with a different allele frequency than the original population. (Amish- polydactyly)
What is the Allopatric mechanism?
A mechanism that requires some sort of physical geographic barrier between groups of individuals which restricts gene flow. Eventually leading to two different species. (squirrels)
What is the idea of acquired characteristics?
the idea that organisms could pass on traits gained during their lifetime to their offspring. proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamark
What is a Vestigial Structure?
anatomical features that are fully developed in one group, but reduced and nonfunctional in another. (whales having pelvic girdle and no legs)
What causes antibiotic resistance?
Overuse of antibiotics. Also using them when we don't necessarily need to.
What is the bottleneck effect?
A phenomenon that reduced genetic variability when a population size is cut due to events. Cheetahs
What is sympatric speciation?
the process where new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic location, with reproductive isolation occurring through mechanisms other than physical barriers - Polyploidy (more than two complete sets of chromosomes).
What significant idea did he focus on?
Population growth - It was exponential and the humans would soon run out of Earths resources.
What is an example of evolution of life on land? What creature?
Lobe finned fish aka Tiktaalik. First animal to go from water to land.
What is directional selection?
Predominant phenotype shifts in a particular direction.
Name 3 of the 5 assumptions within the Hardy-Weinberg Principle of Genetic Equilibrium.
Random mating, no mutation, no migration, Large population (greater than 500), and no selection.
What is the biological species concept?
Groups of actually or potentially interbreeding individuals which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.