Nutrition
What are the 4 systems involved in nutrition?
- Digestive system
- Respiratory system
- Circulatory system
- Excretory system
What are the 4 stages the digestive process includes?
- Ingestion: we take in the food from the environment (mouth)
- Digestion: the food is broken down and the nutrients are released (enzymes-proteins).
- Absorption: the nutrients go from the digestive system to the circulatory system to the cells.
- Egestion: we expel the non - digested remains of the food.
What are the 4 types of receptors?
- Mecanoreceptors
- Photoreceptors.
- Chemoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors.
What do animals have to elaborate the correct responses?
Nervous system or endocrine system.
What is an oviparous animal?
An animal that reproduces with eggs.
What is the function of the digestive system?
It breaks down the food the animal eats to extract and absorb the organic nutrients (glucids, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids).
What are the 4 types of respiration in animals and the characteristics?
- Cutaneous respiration: skin. The requirements are a wet and thin skin. Annelids and amphibians.
- Branchial: gills. Fish
- Tracheal: tracheas. Insects and arachnids.
- Pulmonary: lungs. Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians.
Which part of the body receives mecanoreceptors?
- Preasure
- The skin
- the hearing
What is the nervous system composed of?
It is composed of very specialized cells called neurons
What is a viviparous animal?
An animal that reproduces inside the uterus of the mother.
What is the function of the respiratory system?
It takes the oxygen from the air and releases the carbon dioxide produced in the cells.
What does the circulatory system include?
- Circulatory liquid: hemolymph, blood, hydrolymph
- Vessels: veins, arteries and capillaries.
- Pump: heart
Which part of the body receives photoreceptors?
- Light
- Eyes
How do neurons communicate?
With electric impulses
What is an ovoviviparous animal?
An animal that reproduces with eggs inside the parent's body.
What is the function of the circulatory system?
It transports substances:
- nutrients: from the digestive system to the cells.
- oxygen: from the respiratory system to the cells.
- Waste products:
Carbon dioxide: from the cells to the respiratory system
Other waste products: from the cells to the excretory system
What are the 3 ways of expelling waste in animals?
- Malphigi tubules: Insects and arachnids.
- Green glands: Crustaceans.
- Kidneys: All the vertebrates.
Which part of the body receives chemoreceptors?
- Chemical substances
- Taste, tongue
- Smell
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What is the function of the excretory system?
It expels waste products (different from carbon dioxide) to the environment. For example, in mammals, through the urine.
What are the malphigi tubules?
They're small tubes connected to the digestive tubes. It is very effective for serving water for the animal, because it saves water, dry environment animals are benefit.
Which part of the body receives thermoreceptors?
- Heat
- Skin
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