The Atom
What information is given by the atomic number?
Fill in the blank: "Elements with similar properties end up in the same ___________."
GROUP!
What type of reaction is shown?
H2 + Cl2 -> 2HCl
synthesis
In order for a reaction to happen, particles must hit with sufficient energy and correct orientation according to ____________ theory.
COLLISION
Kinetic Energy=temperature changes
Potential Energy=phase changes
In the Rutherford experiment, alpha particles bounced back off the nucleus of the atom because it has a _________ charge.
positive
What group on the periodic table has the highest ionization energies and why?
Group 18, the noble gases, have full valence electron shells.
What type of reaction is shown?
2KClO3-> 2KCl + 3O2
decomposition
Draw a potential energy diagram for an exothermic reaction and add a dashed line to show how it would be different with a catalyst.
(A PE diagram that ends lower than it starts and the dashed line should be a lower activation energy hill)
What is the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas?
DIRECT: As temperature increases, volume of a gas increases (or both decrease).
For each subatomic particle, say its location, charge, and mass.
proton:
neutron:
electron:
proton: in the nucleus, + charge, mass of 1
neutron:in the nucleus, no charge, mass of 1
electron:around the nucleus (in clouds), - charge, mass of 0
Figure out the word that is spelled using the following two clues:
1. the lightest alkaline earth metal
2. the element in period 3 that doesn't react with anything
BeAr
Explanation: Group 2 is the alkaline earth metals and the noble gases (group 18) don't react with anything.
Will the following reaction happen? Why or why not?
Cu + ZnCl2 -> CuCl2 + Zn
It will NOT happen because Cu is BELOW Zn on the Activity Series (Table J).
Draw a potential energy diagram for an endothermic reaction and show how you would find the Heat of Reaction.
(A PE diagram that ends higher than it starts and the difference from beginning to end is highlighted or bracketed)
Which phase(s) has/have definite shape? Which has/have definite volume?
Definite shape: solid only
Definite volume: solid & liquid
Show the math to calculate the average atomic mass of Boron given the following information: There are two isotopes of Boron. Boron-10 is 20% abundant and Boron-11 is 80% abundant.
((10x20)+(11x80))/100.
1. Multiply each mass by its % abundance.
2. Add them up.
3. Divide by 100.
Finish and explain the following statements:
1. "In a period, as atomic number increases, ionization energy __________."
2. " In a group, as atomic number increases, ionization energy _________."
1. increases
2. decreases
Explanation: The top right corner of the periodic table has the highest ionization energy (holds onto its electrons strongly).
Balance the following reaction and identify the type.
AlF3 + ZnBr2 -> AlBr3 + ZnF2
2AlF3 + 3ZnBr2 -> 2AlBr3 + 3ZnF2
Double-replacement
According to Reference Table I, when ammonia, NH3, is made from its elements, is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?
EXOTHERMIC (because the Heat of Reaction listed is -91.8kJ/mol)
Explain what is happening to Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy on each segment of a heating curve.
On the DIAGONAL SECTIONS (where temperature is increasing): Kinetic Energy is increasing and Potential Energy is constant.
On the FLAT SECTIONS (where temperature is constant): Kinetic Energy is constant and Potential Energy is increasing.
What are ALL the similarities and differences between the isotopes Magnesium-25 and Magnesium-26? (Be specific with numbers.)
SIMILARITIES: 12 protons, atomic #12, 12 electrons, 2 valence electrons
DIFFERENCES: 13 vs. 14 neutrons, mass numbers (25 vs. 26)
Find the word that the following four clues spell:
1. This element is the only metalloid with 3 valence electrons.
2. The bottom row of the f-block is named after this element.
3. This element has 6 valence electrons but only 2 electron levels.
4. This is the element in period 2 that wants to gain 3 electrons.
BAcON
Finish and balance the combustion reaction:
__C3H8 + ___O2 ->
C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O
List at least 3 factors that increase reaction rate by increasing the number of collisions, only. Also say just one factor that increases reaction rate by increasing BOTH the frequency and force of collisions.
3 of the following factors: agitation (stirring), surface area (for solids) and concentration (for aqueous solutions), possibly pressure for gases
Finally: TEMPERATURE
Which 3 phase changes are exothermic (use the specific names of the changes)?
freezing, condensation, and deposition
(liquid to solid, gas to liquid, and gas to solid)