Atomic Structure
The weighted average of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element, in amu per atom
What is atomic weight?
Bonding electron pair is not shared equally, but pulled toward more electronegative atom.
What is a polar covalent bond?
An acid is a species that produces excess H+ (protons) in an aqueous solution, and a base is a species that produces excess OH- (hydroxide ions)
What is Arrhenius definition?
Loss of electrons
What is Oxidation?
Dictates that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but that all thermal, chemical, potential, and kinetic energies are interconvertible.
A unit used to count particles and is represented by Avgadro's number, 6.022X10^23 particles.
What is mole?
The chemical symbol of an element surrounded by dots, each representing one of the s or p valence electrons of the atoms
What is the Lewis Structure?
An acid is an electron pair acceptor, and a base is an electron pair donor.
What is the Lewis definition?
Gain of electrons
What is Reduction?
No exchange of energy/matter with the environment.
What is a isolated system?
Multiple species of atoms with the same number of protons (same atomic number) but different numbers of neutrons
What is a isotopes?
An atom will bond until it has a full outermost shell, an atom wants to have a configuration similar to that of Group VIII (noble gases).
What is the Ocet Rule?
An acid is a species that donates protons, while a base is a species that accepts protons.
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition?
Causes another atom to undergo oxidation, and is itself reduced.
What is oxidizing agent?
Can exchange energy but not matter with the environment.
What is a closed system?
What is principal quantum number?
Depends on the polarity of the constituent bonds and on the shape of the molecule.
What is the Polarity of Molecules?
HCI, HI, HBr, H2SO4, HCIO3, HCIO4, HNO3
What are strong acids?
Causes another atom to be reduced, and is itself oxidized
What is reducing agent?
Can exchange both energy and matter with the environment. Human beings are this
What is a open system?
Characteristic energy bands where electrons absorb energy
What is absorption spectrum?
Write the skeletal structure of the compound, count all the valence electrons of the atoms, draw single bonds between the central atom and the atoms surrounding it, complete the octets of all atoms bonded to the central atom using the remaining valence electrons still to be assigned, and place any extra electrons on the central atom.
What are the Steps for drawing Lewis Structures?
LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
What are strong bases?
Defined as the tendency of a species to acquire electrons and be reduced.
An average of the energy required to break a particular type of bond in one mole of gaseous molecules
What is bond dissociation enegry?