Solutions
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance where one or more substances with a solute and solvent
Solutions
The amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution
Concentration of a Solution
Properties that depend only on the number of solute particles in solution and not on the nature of the solute particles
Colligative Properties
Law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed
First Law of Thermodynamics
Speed at which reactants are converted into products
Rate of Reaction or Reaction Rate
Solution containing the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature
Saturated solution
Concentration unit defined as moles of solute per liter of solution
Molarity
Lowering of vapor pressure due to dissolved solute
Vapor Pressure
Transfer of energy due to temperature difference
Heat
Study of the rates of chemical reactions, explaining how fast reactions occur and the factors affecting speed of the reaction
Chemical Kinetics
Solution containing less solute than it can dissolve
Unsaturated solution
Known as percent by weight or weight percent is the ratio of the mass of a solute to the mass of the solution, multiplied by 100 percent
Percent by mass
Decrease in freezing point due to a solute
Freezing point depression
Extensive property use to quantify the heat flow into or out of a system in a constant pressure process
Enthalpy
The higher the _______, the higher is the kinetic energy which causes the molecules to move faster resulting a faster is the reaction rate.
Temperature
The process in which dissolved solute comes out of solution and forms crystals
Crystallization
The stoichiometric coefficients in a chemical equation can be interpreted as the number of moles of each substance
Mole method
Increase in boiling point caused by a solute
Boiling point elevation
States that total enthalpy change is independent of the reaction pathway
Hess's Law
Factor affects the rate of reaction that speeds up the reaction
Catalyst
The process of adding a small amount of a pre-formed crystal to a supersaturated solution to initiate new crystal growth
Seeding
The quantitative study of reactants and products in a chemical reaction
Stoichiometry
States that pressure of a solvent over a solution, P1, is given by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent P1°, times the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution X1
Raoult's Law
Study of heat change in chemical reactions
Thermochemistry
Mathematical expression relating rate to reactant concentration
Rate Law