The Microbe
Any organism smaller than the human eye can see unaided
What is a microbe?
The type of metabolism used by bacteria to produce methane and water from carbon dioxide and hydrogen
What is methanogenesis?
This scheme is used to classify viruses based on genomic composition such as ssDNA, dsDNA, ssRNA, and dsRNA
What is the Baltimore Scheme?
This branch of immune response in invertebrates is non-specific, acts rapidly, and uses cells like neutrophils and other phagocytes
What is innate immunity?
The causative agent of the seasonal flu
What is the influenza virus?
The inventor of the first microscope lens
Who is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek?
This molecule is termed 70S and has protein and RNA components to perform enzymatic functions during protein translation
What is a prokaryotic ribosome?
Twenty sided shape that most symmetrical viruses use in assembly of capsid proteins
What is an icosahedral?
Some antigen presenting cells (APCs) are of the monocyte lineage and differentiate into dendritic cells and this other type of phagocyte
What is a macrophage?
Causative agent of botulism
What is Clostridium botulinum?
This scientist proposed the widely accepted postulates that characterize pathogenic microbes as the causative agent of disease
Who is Robert Koch?
Process by which bacteriophage carry host DNA from one cell to another
What is Transduction?
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) uses this host cell receptor found on T-cells to initiate binding and infection
What is CD4?
T-cells activate B-cells to produce these protein mediators of the adaptive immune response that are specific for microbial antigens
What are antibodies?
The causative agent of COVID-19
The repeating cell wall protein polymer is found only in bacteria and not in eukaryotes or archaea
What is peptidoglycan?
In bacteria these allow for coordinated gene expression of related genes on one mRNA controlled by one promoter
What is an operon?
The viral encoded reverse transcriptase used by retroviruses synthesizes nucleotides as this type of polymerase
What are RNA-dependent DNA Polymerases?
The most abundant immunoglobulin in human blood serum
What is IgG?
What is Plasmodium falciparum?
Growth under conditions without available oxygen
What is anaerobic growth?
Most bacteria contain their genetic material in one molecule termed this
What is a circular chromosome?
Bacillus and Clostridium species produce these durable forms that remain viable for millennia
This percentage of the population must be vaccinated to accomplish herd immunity
What is 70%?
The causative agent of scalded skin syndrome newborns and responsible for the majority of soft tissue infections annual in the U.S.
What is Staphylococcus aureus?