Personality Parade
Which assessment technique requires people to respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli?
Projective test
Which acronym can help you remember the "big five" traits?
OCEAN
Despite multiple warnings from their doctor about high cholesterol, a person continues to eat fast food, believing it won’t affect their health. This shows which defense mechanism?
What is denial?
Mike feels the urge to call in sick to work to extend his vacation, but he realizes the consequences and decides to go in. Which part of his personality is he relying on?
What is the ego?
After a breakup, a young adult starts sleeping with a childhood stuffed animal for comfort. This behavior illustrates which defense mechanism?
What is regression?
Give an example of a stressor that falls under the category of daily hassles.
Standing in line, being stuck in traffic, or experiencing discomfort in the environment?
How does the body respond during the alarm reaction stage of the General Adaptation System?
The release of adrenaline, increased heart rate, and heightened alertness?
Jake has a series of small setbacks, from spilling coffee on his shirt to being stuck in a long grocery line after work. He feels increasingly stressed, even though each issue was minor. In health psychology, what term describes these small but cumulative stressors?
What are daily hassles?
Maria witnessed a massive flood in her hometown, and even months later, she feels fearful and unsettled. Health psychology identifies such large, traumatic events as which type of stressor?
What is a catastrophe?
After buying an expensive item impulsively, someone justifies the purchase by saying, “I deserve to treat myself once in a while.” This statement reflects which defense mechanism?
What is rationalization?
A student who was bullied in elementary school has no recall of those years but experiences unexplained anxiety in social situations. This might be due to which defense mechanism?
What is repression?
After being scolded by a teacher, a student goes home and argues with their sibling. This redirection of anger is an example of which defense mechanism?
What is displacement?
Tom speeds past a stop sign but immediately feels anxious and guilty for breaking the rules. Which part of his personality is at work?
What is the superego?
After buying an expensive item impulsively, someone justifies the purchase by saying, “I deserve to treat myself once in a while.” This statement reflects which defense mechanism?
What is rationalization?
Differentiate between "eustress" and "distress" and give an example of each.
Positive stress that motivates (eustress) and negative stress that creates anxiety (distress)?
What are the three stages of the General Adaptation System (GAS) in response to stress?
1- alarm
2- resistance
3- exhaustion
Lily has a high-stress job, often working overtime without time to rest. She notices she catches colds more frequently than usual. What is one reason health psychology would suggest for her increased vulnerability to illness?
What is a weakened immune system due to chronic stress?
John recently got married, moved to a new city, and started a new job. Though positive, these major changes are causing him stress. Health psychology refers to these significant, impactful changes as what type of stressors?
What are life events?
Boys experience the ________ complex, and girls _______ experience the complex during the _______ stage.
Oedipal; Electra; phallic
Someone who is insecure about their intelligence makes fun of others for not being smart. This is an example of which defense mechanism?
What is projection?
According to Freud, the latency stage is characterized by a temporary suppression of sexual desires. During this stage, what becomes the primary focus of a child's energy?
development of social and intellectual skills
A therapist provides a non-judgmental, accepting environment where a client feels valued regardless of their actions or feelings. This exemplifies which concept?
What is unconditional positive regard?
Instead of acting on their attraction, someone writes romantic poetry, expressing their feelings through art. This behavior demonstrates which defense mechanism?
What is sublimation?
Why does the body activate the stress response, and what is its adaptive purpose?
The body's preparation to face perceived dangers, serving as an adaptive reaction for survival?
How does the parasympathetic nervous system contribute to the stress response?
The role of the parasympathetic nervous system in calming the body down after a stressor has passed
What happens during the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation System?
What is the depletion of resources and the eventual inability to cope with ongoing stress, leading to exhaustion
parasympathetic response
When Luke suddenly sees a snake on his hiking trail, his body reacts with a burst of energy, increased heart rate, and heightened alertness. Which gland releases adrenaline to create this response?
What is the adrenal gland?
Personality descriptions that have "something for everyone" fit the...
Barnum effect
This term describes characteristics like intelligence and emotional reactions that tend to remain consistent over time.
What are stable personality traits?
During a boring lecture, Sarah wants to yell out and leave, driven by frustration and impatience. Which part of her personality is pushing for this impulsive behavior?
What is the id?
Mark is on a date and accidentally calls his date by his ex’s name, revealing possible unresolved feelings. This is an example of which psychological concept?
What is a Freudian slip?
Chris wants to buy an expensive gadget on impulse (id), but his superego insists on saving money for essentials. What is Chris experiencing?
What is anxiety?
According to health psychology, what concept emphasizes the inseparable connection between the mind and the immune system, stating that stress weakens the body's ability to resist diseases?
Psychoneuroimmunology
Widely studied as a factor that minimizes the effects of stress, what aspect not only helps people feel less stressed but can also improve overall health and decrease mortality risk?
Social Support?
After a breakup, Olivia feels emotionally drained and has trouble sleeping. Soon after, she develops a persistent cold. Health psychology might suggest that the interaction between her emotional stress and her body’s defenses is studied in what field?
What is psychoneuroimmunology?
Under chronic stress, Sam’s body continually activates the HPA axis, resulting in high cortisol levels that could impact his health. What function does the HPA axis serve in the body’s stress response?
What is regulating long-term stress and maintaining homeostasis?
What did Raymond Cattell call the underlying traits that direct surface traits?
Source Traits
Consider a situation where an individual attributes their inability to maintain a stable relationship solely to their past traumatic experiences and external circumstances. What type of locus of control do they likely possess?
external locus of control
Dr. Dandy, a clinical psychologist, is conducting a study to investigate whether a person's personality can be used to predict their ability to resist relapse during alcoholism treatment. To achieve this, he has consulted with an expert on personality measurement. What aspect of personality is Dr. Dandy likely to focus on when attempting to predict the ability to resist relapse in alcoholism treatment?
Self-efficacy
Emily feels a strong need for friendship and belonging after securing a stable job and safe home. According to Maslow, which level of needs is she now focusing on?
What are social (or belongingness) needs?
What term did Abraham Maslow use to describe the drive to make full use of talents, capacities, and potentialities?
Self-actualization
Emily experiences intense, prolonged stress due to caregiving responsibilities. She’s now facing health issues related to immune suppression and digestive troubles. Health psychology would link her symptoms to what?
What is stress-related illness or disease?
Emily encounters a barking dog and instantly feels fear as her heart starts pounding. This initial emotional reaction is triggered by which brain structure responsible for assessing threats?
What is the amygdala?
While watching a scary movie, Lisa suddenly feels her muscles tense and her heart rate increase during a suspenseful scene. This reaction is due to which part of her nervous system?
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
While giving a speech in class, Sarah feels her heart race, her palms sweat, and her muscles tense up. She’s not in physical danger, but her body is responding as if she is. What type of response is Sarah experiencing?
What is the fight-or-flight response?
In psychology, what term is used to describe the concept that all mental and emotional reactions are predetermined by earlier experiences and unconscious forces, as proposed by Sigmund Freud?
Psychic determinism
Mark is a high school student preparing for his final exams. He believes that his success depends on his own efforts and actions. He also believes that he has the ability to study effectively and perform well in his exams.What is Mark's type of locus of control and level self efficacy?
Mark has an internal locus of control and high self-efficacy.
Mark feels anxious about his job security and housing. Maslow would say he is primarily focused on which level of needs?
What are safety needs?
A coach only compliments players who win games, showing acceptance based on performance. This form of acceptance is known as what?
What is conditional positive regard?
What term do psychologists use for a personality test that requires people to answer questions about themselves in a yes/no, true/false, or similar format?
Self-report inventory
Describe the resistance stage in the General Adaptation System and its role in the stress response.
The stage where the body stays in a heightened state to face ongoing stressors and threats?
Lisa is walking alone at night when she hears footsteps behind her. Her amygdala quickly detects a potential threat, and she immediately feels a rush of energy as her body prepares for action. Which part of her brain has been activated to initiate this response?
What is the hypothalamus?
After being startled by a loud noise, Tom’s body goes through a series of steps, starting with the hypothalamus, then the pituitary gland, and finally the adrenal glands, releasing stress hormones to keep him alert. This pathway is known as what?
What is the HPA axis?
After months of balancing a stressful job and frequent minor frustrations, Jamie starts experiencing increased anxiety, frequent colds, and signs of chronic fatigue. In health psychology, what underlying processes could explain how prolonged exposure to stress is impacting Jamie’s mental and physical health?
What are the effects of chronic stress, the impact of daily hassles on health, the role of the HPA axis in prolonged cortisol release, and psychoneuroimmunology’s link between stress and immune function?