Chapter 2
Psychology is not a science
False
neurons are surrounded by BLANK to protect and insulate axons
myelin sheath
Which of the following is a teratogen?
nicotine
Differences in human temperament already exist before birth
Truth
What are some types of attention?
selective attention, sustained attention, shifting attention
Scientific theories are
a set of related assumptions that guide and explain observations and allow testable predictions to be made
What are the fingerlike branches that send signals to other neurons?
dendrites
Our bodies have natural painkillers called
endorphins
Teratogens are
substances that can cause birth defects
You are at a loud gathering, talking to a friend. The noise of the chatter is nearly deafening, bit all of a sudden you hear your name spoken above the noise. This is known as the
cocktail party effect
A psychologist who is interested in how brain activity relates to behavior will most likely use which kind of measure?
physiological
The two main branches of the autonomic nervous system are the
sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
The BLANK of a sound wave determines what we perceive as loudness
amplitude
In the newborn infant, the sense of BLANK is almost fully developed, but the sense of BLANK continues to change and improve over the first few years of life
hearing; vision
What term best describes not perceiving a person in a gorilla suit when asked to count the number of people playing basketball?
inattentional blindness
The scientific method consists of
observing, predicting, testing, interpreting, communicating, and replicating
BLANK is the study of changes in the way genes are turned on or off without a change in the sequence of DNA
epigenetics
Which structure is responsible for the transduction of sound vibrations into action potentials?
hair cells
Piaget's BLANK stage of cognitive development begins when the child can converse; that is, when he or she knows that the amount of a liquid or substance stays the same even when it changes shape
concrete operations
Which of the following does meditation appear to improve
mindfulness
attention
well-being
all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of scientific thinking?
1. having intellectual humility
2. searching for truth
searching for truth
What are the four lobes?
Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Frontal Lobe
Neuron called BLANK in the visual cortex analyze the retinal image and respond to aspects of shapes such as angles and movements.
feature detectors
With learning and experience, certain synaptic connections grow stronger, while those that are not strengthening by experience degrade and die off. This process is known as
pruning
Dreaming is most active during what kind of sleep?
REM