Classical Conditioning
A natural innate response that occurs automatically & needs no training.
What is an Unconditioned Response?
Holds information temporarily while actively manipulating & rehearsing that information.
What is Working Memory?
A chamber with a highly controlled environment used to study processes with laboratory animals.
What is the Skinner Box?
Memories related to a specific, important, or surprising event that are so vivid they represent a virtual snapshot.
What are Flashbulb Memories?
Learning by watching the behaviors of another person.
What is Observational Learning?
Leads to a Conditioned Response & pairs to become a consequence of learning & training.
What is a Conditioned Stimulus?
Relationships between pieces of information.
What are Semantic Networks?
A technique for increasing the frequency of desirable behaviors & decreasing unwanted ones.
What is Behavior Modification?
Apparent recollections of events that are initially so shocking that the mind responds by pushing them into the unconscious.
What are Repressed Memories?
When a new behavior is learned, but not performed until an incentive is provided for its performance (i.e.: watching a parent cook during your childhood, but not using the skills until later in life)
What is Latent Learning?
When a previously Conditioned Response decreases in frequency & eventually dissapears.
What is Extinction?
Skills & habits (i.e.: riding a bike, hitting a ball, etc.).
What is Procedural Memory?
Makes it nearly impossible for animals to learn certain behaviors.
What is biological contraints?
A progressive brain disorder that leads to a gradual & irreversible decline in cognitive abilities.
What is Alzheimer's disease?
What is developed after receiving a reinforcer with certain behaviors.
What is an expectation?
The process that occurs if 2 stimuli are sufficiently distinct from 1 another that 1 evokes a conditioned response, but the other does not.
What is Stimulus Discrimination?
The repetition of information that has entered short-term memory.
What is Rehearsal?
An unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a proceeding response will be repeated in the future (i.e.: failed test = no access to electronic devices for 2 weeks).
What is a Negative Reinforcer?
Having insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle information that is in the memory.
What is Cue-Dependent Forgetting?
An educator who determined that Caucasian women, African, Native, & Hispanic Americans have a relational learning style while Caucasian & Asian men have a analytical learning style.
Who is Maurianne Adams?
In the study of Unconditioned Stimuli, this participant reacted with fear when shown a rat & objects similar to a white rat (i.e.: white rabbit, white sealskin coat, white Santa Claus mask, etc.).
Who is Little Albert?
Direct representation of a stimulus.
What is Sensory Memory?
Rewards that are naturally effective without previous experience because they satisfy a biological need.
What is Primary Reinforcers?
Having memory lost for events that follow an injury.
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
A study that resulted in physical practice & motor imagery practice changing synchronized brain activity providing evidence for how incorporating mental imagery enhances the brain's response to motor learning.
What is the Dark Throwing Task?