Conditioning that occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
What is classical conditioning?
100
An event that decreases the frequency of the behavior that it follows
What is punishment?
100
The processing of getting information into the memory system
What is encoding?
100
The term describing how people are more likely to remember the first and last items on a list better than the middle.
What is serial position effect?
100
The tendency to only seek out information that supports our preconceptions
What is confirmation bias?
200
Type of learning in which behavior is influenced by its consequences
What is operant conditioning?
200
The introduction of an unpleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus is to ________.
What is (positive) punishment; (negative)reinforcement?
200
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare". Also called declarative memory
What is explicit memory?
200
Retention independent of conscious recollection, such as solving a puzzle, also called procedural memory
What is implicit memory?
200
The tendency to overestimate and overgeneralize because of a memory that is vivid, recent, and/or strong.
What is availability heuristic?
300
Any stimulus that, when presented/added after a response, strengthens the response is called a(n)
What is positive reinforcer?
300
When children misbehave, some parents use a time-out, removing the children from their reinforcing surroundings. This practice best illustrates
What is negative punishment?
300
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
What is chunking?
300
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with the state of consciousness one was in when the memory was encoded.
What is state-dependent memory?
300
The tendency to underestimate the extent to which our beliefs and judgments are wrong
What is overconfidence?
400
Type of learning that occurs by watching others perform that behavior
What is observational learning?
400
Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior.
What is aversive; pleasant?
400
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system that might be encoded into short-term memory
What is sensory memory?
400
Incorporating miseading information into one's memory of an event
What is misinformation effect?
400
Wording a question or presenting an issue in such a way that it evokes a desired judgment is called _______
What is framing?
500
This occurs when a CS is no longer paired with a US
What is extinction?
500
Janay has a glass of wine after work because it relieves her anxiety. Her wine drinking is likely to continue because it is followed by a ________ reinforcer.
What is negative?
500
A newer understanding of short term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual- spatial information, and of information retrieved from long- term memory
What is working memory?
500
When information about how, when, or where a memory was formed is false.
What is source amnesia?
500
An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called