Psychology Basics
Wundt termed this term: the process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible
What is introspection
Facts are observable realities, while these are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate.
What are opinions
When studying how genetics and environment affect individual behaviors, researchers typically use these types of siblings as their control group.
What are identical twins.
When sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor, this has occurred.
What is sensation
This type of development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.
What is physical development
As William James saw it, psychology’s purpose was to study the function of behavior in the world, and as such, his perspective was known as
Research usual beings with one of these, a testable prediction about how the world will behave if our idea is correct, and it is often worded as an if-then statement
What is a hypothesis
These serve as interconnected information processors that are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system.
What are neurons
While our sensory receptors are constantly collecting information from the environment, it is ultimately how we interpret that information that affects how we interact with the world. This refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.
What is perception
This type of development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
What is cognitive development
Psychoanalytic theory, founded by this famous neurologist, focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious, as well as early childhood experiences, and this particular perspective dominated clinical psychology for several decades
Who is Sigmund Freud
These (mostly observational) studies usually focus on one person or a small group of people
What are case/clinical studies
Serotonin and melatonin are examples of these, chemical messengers of the nervous system
What are neurotransmitters
Joe was initially bothered by his partners snoring. Eventually he no longer noticed it at night. Joe has acquired this.
What is a sensory adaption
This type of development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.
What is psychosocial development
Pavlov's study of measuring salvation when a dog heard a bell right before being fed was an early study proving this type of conditioning
What is classical conditioning
If two things have a relationship between them (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect, then they have a one of these
What is a correlation
The central nervous system is comprised of these two things
What are the brain and spinal cord
The conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential is known as this
What is transduction
Walking, talking, and toilet training are all considered important examples of these in early childhood, as not being able to master them may indicate deeper issues
What are developmental milestones
B.F. Skinner created a box that trained animals that when they pushed a button, the box is able to deliver a positive reinforcement of the behavior (such as food) or a punishment (such as a noise); an early study on this type of conditioning
What is operant conditioning
When doing psychological research, institutions such as the Institution Review Board and the American Psychology Association ensure that researchers are following these in order to keep participates safe
What are ethics.
Learning and memory is most associated with this part of the brain
What is the hippocampus
When we receive a message but are not consciously aware of this, we have experienced this
What is subliminal messaging
While some psychologists argue that development is continuous and happens at a consistent rate, other argue that we develop in major leaps and milestones know at this
What is discontinuous development