Classification
Which classification category is the most broad?
Domain
The study of living things is referred to as:
Life Science, Biology
DNA codes for twenty different:
Amino Acids
A ___________________________ organism is made of only one cell.
Unicellular
__________________ sense the conditions of internal and external environments.
Receptors
This type of cell contains distinct membrane bound organelles, and its DNA is found in the cytoplasm:
Eukaryotic Cell
Which of the following scientists created the modern day classification system?
Carolus Linnaeus
This is the fluid portion within a cell that suspends organelles:
Cytoplasm
The cell membrane is semi-permeable meaning:
It allows certain substances in and out of cells
Plants convert excess glucose into:
Starch
What are the 8 classification categories from least to most specific?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
_____________________ is a method of classifying organisms into various taxa.
Taxonomy
During transcription, an enzyme reads the order of nucleotides within DNA to build a nucleic acid called
RNA, Ribonucleic- Acid
During translation, amino acids are carried to the ribosomes by:
tRNA
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What are the following domains?
1. Includes eukaryotic cells, and is split within four kingdoms.
2. Includes mostly unicellular prokaryotes that are sensitive to antibiotics.
3. Includes mostly unicellular prokaryotes that are found in harsh environments.
1. Eukarya
2. Bacteria
3. Archaea
How is the binomial nomenclature written?
Genus capitalized, listed first
species lower case, listed second
Italicized
What does DNA contain? What is DNA composed of, and how many DNA molecules are within a cell?
DNA contains information to carry out cellular processes
DNA is composed of millions of atoms, each cell contains 46 DNA molecules
What is the central vacuole and what is its function?
Central vacuole: stores water, maintains turgor pressure (pressure in a cell)
Plants wilt when vacuole shrinks
Define the kingdoms:
1- This kingdom includes multicellular heterotrophs such as squids, sharks, and humans.
2- This kingdom includes eukaryotic organisms, such as algae, that reproduce asexually.
3- This kingdom includes autotrophs, such as mosses, ferns, and flowers, that are multicellular eukaryotic organisms.
4- This kingdom consists of mostly single-celled prokaryotic organisms, and was later split into two separate kingdoms.
2- Kingdom Protista
3- Kingdom Planate
4- Kingdom Monera
What are the four factors kingdom systems are differentiated by?
Cell type: prokaryotic, eukaryotic
Cell number: unicellular, multicellular
Feeding Type: carnivores, omnivores, herbivores
Reproduction: asexual, sexual
List and define three scientific fields of study.
Zoology: Study of animals, how animals live
Anatomy: Study of an organism’s structure
Physiology: Study of the function of an organism’s structure
Botany: Study of plants
Microbiology: Study of microscopic organisms
Ecology: Study of how organisms interact with surroundings and each other
What are the three differences between DNA and RNA?
RNA is a single strand, DNA is a double helix
RNA strands: thymine is replaced by uracil (U)
Sugar in RNA has an extra oxygen than that in DNA
Name the three things that the fundamental model of biology states.
Cells are the structural and functional units of all living things
Cells come only from other preexisting cells
Cells carry out processes to maintain homeostasis
What are the 6 criteria of living things?
Reproduce
Use energy
Respond to the environment
Composed of cells
Maintain homeostasis
Grow and develop